Grammar Review (from Duff) Flashcards
In contract verbs, ε + ε =
ει
In contract verbs, ε + ο =
ου
In contract verbs, ε + any long vowel or diphthong =
the ε is deleted
Which case does the object of ἀκουω take?
It takes accusative if it’s a thing that is heard but genitive if it’s a person that is heard.
Which case does the object of πιστευω take?
dative
How do you tell which conjugation pattern a feminine noun will take?
If the word ends in a vowel or ρ, it will conjugate like ἡμερα (with α throughout the paradigm)
If the word ends in σ, ξ, or ζ, it will conjugate like δοξα (with η for the genitive and dative singular)
Otherwise, it will conjugate like ἀρχη (with η in the singular and α in the plural)
Generally, accusative case appearing with a preposition has the meaning of
extension in time and space.
Generally, genitive case appearing with a preposition has the meaning of
separation in time or space or the idea of a kind.
Generally, dative case appearing with a preposition has the meaning of
location in time or space.
An inanimate instrument can be expressed by
appearing in the dative case.
An animate agent can be expressed by
the preposition ὑπο + genitive.
The meaning of ‘along with’ can be expressed by
the preposition μετα + genitive.
What are the possible words orders of article, noun, and attributive adjective?
- article + adjective + noun
2. article + noun + article + adjective
What are the possible word orders for a clause with a predicative adjective?
- subject + be + adjective
2. adjective + be + subject
How do you make an existential clause? (There is/are…)
You put the verb ‘to be’ at the beginning of the sentence
What case do predicative nouns get?
Nominative
How can you tell apart the subject and a predicated noun as object?
Either the subject comes before the complement or the article is dropped from the complement.
What is the meaning of the Greek present tense in the indicative?
Time = present Aspect = process or undefined
What is the meaning of the Greek future tense in the indicative?
Time = future Aspect = undefined
What is the meaning of the Greek imperfect tense in the indicative?
Time = past Aspect = process
What is the meaning of the Greek aorist tense in the indicative?
Time = past Aspect = undefined
How do you form the Greek present indicative?
no prefix, no suffix
How do you form the Greek future indicative?
no prefix, -σ suffix, same agreement as the present tense
How do you form the Greek imperfect indicative?
ἐ prefix, no suffix, imperfect agreement markers
How do you form the Greek aorist indicative?
ἐ prefix, -σ suffix, aorist agreement markers
The augment ἐ before α becomes
η
The augment ἐ before ε becomes
η
The augment ἐ before ο becomes
ω
The augment ἐ before η, ι, υ, and ω becomes
it does not change
___ + σ = ψ
π, β, φ
___ + σ = σ
τ, δ, θ, ζ
___ + σ = ξ
κ, γ, χ, σσ
In -εω contract verbs, the σ suffix causes
the ε to lengthen to η
Which tenses do not appear in the other moods?
the future and the imperfect
Which affix never appears in the other moods?
The past tense augment ἑ
How can you tell apart aorist participles and present participles?
Aorist participles tend to have an ‘α’ sound but present participles tend to have an ‘o’ sound
What is the difference in meaning between present and aorist participles?
Present participles have a simultaneous meaning (‘while’ or ‘as’) but aorist participles have a sequential meaning (‘after’ or ‘when’)
1st declension nouns are mostly of which gender?
feminine
2nd declension nouns are mostly of which gender?
masculine
What is the word order for demonstrative pronouns when used as adjectives?
demonstrative + article + noun
Which reflexive pronoun do you use for first and second person plural?
ἐαυτοϛ
How can you tell apart relative pronouns from the definite article?
The relative almost always has an accent but the article almost never does.
