Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards Prep > Miscellaneous Diseases > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is a clinical syndrome of lesions that occur from scar tissue formation that destroys hair follicles, resulting in permanent alopecia?

A

Cicatricial Alopecia and Localized Scleroderma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the most common causes of cicatricial alopecia in cats and dogs?

A

Cicatricial alopecia can results from a variety of insults to the skin that results in fibrous tissue deposition hat replaces follicular units and adnexal structures. Localized injection reactions, ischemic dermatopathy, vasculitis, dermatomyositis, sterile nodular panniculitis, thermal burns or other eschars are the most common causes of these lesions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what disease is characterized by asymptomatic well-demarcated sclerotic plaques that are alopecia, smooth and shiny This appearance is partly due to the lack of any adnexal structures or visible follicular Ostia in the epidermis. Hypopigmentation may occur.

A

Cicatricial Alopecia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the histopathologic findings of cicatricial alopecia

A

Histologic examination reveals fibrosis dermatitis with lack of hair follicles or adnexal glands that connect to the overlying epidermis. The overlying epidermis is often acanthotic but may be ulcerated or unremarkable, depending on the stage of the lesion development of cause.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Studies suggest an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance in what two breeds for sebaceous adenines?

A

poodles and akitas

Most dogs, especially Akitas and Poodles have follicular hyperkeratosis as a prominent feature, which persists long after sebaceous glands are destroyed - key difference between SA and Leishmaniasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

In a study evaluating the prevalence of concurrent disease with SA, what percentage of dogs had concurrent disease? which disease was most common?

A

43%, hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What medication is the only treatment to date shown to result in an increase in sebaceous glads along with clinical improvement?

A

CSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a rare disorder of cats that is characterized by chronic idiopathic hypereosinophilia associated with diffuse infiltration of various organs by mature eosinophils?

A

Hypereosinophilic syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It has been recommended that peripheral blood eosinophil counts exceeding _____ be considered eosinophil in dogs and cats.

A

5x10^9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hypereosinophilia Syndrome is most common in middle-aged female cats; however, in the dog, what breed is overrepresented?

A

Rottweiler

Most common clinical signs are GI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In hypereosinophilia syndrome, what drug in conjunction with prednisolone appears to be most beneficial? How does it work?

A

Hydroxyurea

This is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor that leads to decreased DNA synthesis. It I mainly lethal to cells in the S phage of the growth cycle. Hydroxyurea has result in onychomadesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What disease is characterized by progressively enlarging skin folds in adult dogs. Very rare disease. Biopsy revealed marked thickening of the panniculus.

A

Idiopathic Diffuse Lipomatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What breed has accounted for several of the reports of Lichenoid dermatitis (lichenoid keratosis)?

A

Doberman Pinchers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Damage to lipocytes results in the liberation of lipid, which undergoes hydrolysis into ____ and ____,

A

glycerol, fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A few studies have suggested that what three breeds are at an increased risk for developing SNP?

A

Collies, Dachsunds and Poodles

The majority of cats with this disease have a solitary lesion over the ventral abdomen and ventrolateral thorax.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The presenence of saponification and necrotic fat is associated with prancraetic-disease induced sterile nodular panicultis and also what other disease in cats?

A

Vitamin E pansteatitis in cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What disease is thought to be associated with a congenital defect in the cornifcation of the foot pads. The defect weakens the epithelium and results in separation of the superficial layers from the deeper layers of the epidermis when friction is applied to the pad.

A

Split Paw Pad Disease

Biopsy will show brightly eosinophilic, coagulated appearance that extends into the superficial dermis and resembles the severe coagulation necrosis of a burn.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What breeds are predisposed to SGPS?

A

collies, dachshunds, Doberman Pinchers, English bulldogs, Weimeraners, Great Danes, boxers and dolmen retrievers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In ares where Leishmania exists, this should be tested for by what method before determining that the lesion is sterile in SGPS?

A

PCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Canine acute eosinophilic dermatitis with edema (CAEDE) vs. Sterile neutrophilic dermatitis - how do you differentiate these two diseases?

A

The degree of dermal eosinophilia is an effective means of distinguishing these entities histopathologically and a Luna stain can be useful in high- lighting eosinophils when there is histological overlap with neutrophilic dermatitis.

**Commercially available eosinophil myeloperoxidase, neutrophil myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase did not allow for consistent distinction between canine eosinophils and neutrophils.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Canine acute eosinophilic dermatitis with edema (CAEDE) - what breed appears to be overrepresented in Bradley study?

A

CAEDE have demonstrated clinical signs correlates with gastrointestinal signs and pharmacotherapy.

Miniature schnau- zers also appear over-represented in CAEDE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sterile neutrophils dermatitis has been associated with what other clinical sign according to Bradley retrospective?

A

Some cases in dogs have been associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration (NSAID) and/or lameness, which is especially noteworthy considering the proportion of cases with lameness and IMPA in the Bradley study.

23
Q

What two breeds are predisposed to developing canine eosinophilic granulomas. These are rare idiopathic nodular to plaque like lesions associated with ‘flame figure’ formation in the oral cavity and skin of dogs.

A

CKCS and Siberian huskies

24
Q

Hereditary cutaneous hyaluronosis is an inherited disorder in the _______. The mucinous material has been identified as _______. The same researcher also showed that dermal fibroblast produce HA in response to elevated ______.

A

Chinese Shar Pei
HA
hyaluronan synthase 2

25
Q

In skin lesions of Shar-Pei dogs with HCH, there is a decreased mast cell density compared to that of Shar-Pei dogs without the disease, and affected dogs have more mast cells solely staining for _____ compared to normal dogs that have more mast cells staining
for both _____ and _____.

A

chymase

chymase and try-taste

26
Q

The genetic trait responsible for the wrinkling of the meatmouth Shar-Pei is due to a high copy numbers of the _____ upstream of HAS2 while SPAID itself is caused by the neighboring _____ mutation; both traits are transmitted together

A

CNV_16.1

MTBP

27
Q

In Juvenile Cellulitis, lymphocyte blastogenic response to ______ are suppressed in associated with a serum suppressor factor.

A

phytomitogens

28
Q

What breeds are predisposed to developing Juvenile Cellulitis?

A

Golden Retrievers, Gorden Setters and dachshunds.

29
Q

Sterile pustular erythroderma is seen in what breed?

A

Miniature Schnauzer

30
Q

What is the drug of choice for treatment of subcorneal pustular dermatosis and what breeds are overrepresented?

A

Dapsone

Miniature Schnauzer and Dachshund

31
Q

What disease is characterized by abnormal collagenesis during would healing and is a rare acquired syndrome reported only in cats?

A

Acquired Reactive Perforating Collagenosis

32
Q

What does a biopsy of acquired reactive perforating collagenosis reveal?

A

Superficial interstitial dermatitis rich in eosinophils and mast cells underlying a conical exophytic projection from the skin surface.

The exophytic mass consists of necrotic cellular debris, strands of keratin and numerous collagen fibers in varying degrees of degeneration.

Stain with Masson Trichome

33
Q

What disease is characterized by tissue plamacytosis, consistent hypergammaglobulinemia, frequent presence of FIV infections and beneficial response to doxycycline?

A

PCP

34
Q

What two concurrent diseases will some cats with PCP have?

A

immune-mediated glomerulonephritis or renal amyloidosis

35
Q

Patterned alopecia is reported most in what breed of dog?

A

Dachshund

36
Q

Describe the histopathology of flank alopecia

A

Follicular atrophy and infundibular hyperkeratosis, which may be marked and extending into the opening os secondary follicles and sebaceous ducts. The base of these follicles are atrophic and hair bulbs are misshapen = ‘witches feet’. Sebaceous glands are melanized.

37
Q

Flank alopecia with interface dermatitis occurs in what breed?

A

Boxers

38
Q

Define effluvium

A

increased daily hair shaft shedding

39
Q

Anagen effluvium occurs when an event (infectious, metabolic, endocrine, antimitotic drug) interferes with _____ cycle, results in abnormalities of the hair follicle and hair shaft. Hair loss occurs suddenly within days of insult. This rarely occurs in dogs.

A

anagen

40
Q

_________ occurs when there is a stressful circumstance (high fever, pregnancy, shock, severe illness, surgery, drugs, anesthesia) causes abrupt premature cessation of froth of many anagen hair follicles and syntonization of these hair follicles in catagen, then telogen. Hair loss occurs within 1 to 3 months.

A

Telogen efluvium

41
Q

What drug is the most common chemotherapeutic drug to cause telogen effluvium?

A

Doxorubicin

42
Q

Telogen hairs are characterized by how by trichogram?

A

Uniform shaft diameter and a slightly ‘clubbed, non pigmented root end that lacks root sheaths’

Anagen effluvium hairs are characterized by irregularities and dysplastic changes = ragged points

43
Q

What syndrome is associated with small beaded swelling associated with a loss of cuticle in cats.

A

Trichorrhexis Nodosa

44
Q

What breed(s) are predisposed to developing post-rabies vaccination panniculitis?

A

Toy and miniature poodles, but the reaction also appears to affect Maltese dogs 2 to 4 months after injection

45
Q

What disease occurs in humans from prolonged and repetitive exposure to heat resulting in erythema and hyperpigmentation?

A

Erythema ab igne

46
Q

What are the common clinical signs associated with chronic radiant heat dermatitis?

A

Scaling is common, there is a tendency for linear or lattice like lesions The lesions are sharply marginated, irregular and asymmetric.

47
Q

What are the histopathologic findings associated with associated with chronic radiant heat dermatitis?

A

Findings depend on the stage in which it was biopsied, characteristic changes are eosinophilic wavy elastic fibrils in the superficial dermis and telogen or atrophic hair follicles.

48
Q

What disease is characterized by perifollicular lymphoplasmacytic inflammation with infiltration of lymphocytes into the follicular and sebaceous epithelium, epithelial degeneration and cystic spaces within the follicular epithelium. These spaces stain positive for mucin. Two reports of this in a Labrador Retriever and Golden Retriever.

A

Alopecia Mucinosa

49
Q

Feline Pinnae Alopecia is a rare syndrome found in which breed?

A

Siamese

50
Q

Paraneoplastic alopecia is usually associated with what two types of neoplasia?

A

pancreatic (acinar or pancreatic duct) or bile duct carcinomas (liver metastasis are usually present at time of diagnosis)

51
Q

What is the disease suspected to be T-cell driven and thyme may be one cause. other parneoplastic disease that have bene reported in a cat with thymoma include myasthenia graces and megaesphagus.

A

Thymoma associated exfoliative dermatitis

52
Q

Describe the histopathology of Exfoliative Dermatitis and Thymoma in cats

A

Hydropic interface dermatitis with some apoptosis and cannot be differentiated from GVHD or EM, except that these latter disease generally have more apoptosis.

Imaging reveals a giant mediastinal mass.

53
Q

How do you diagnose Trichorrexis Nodosa?

A

Trichogram will reveal nodes of hairs have longitudinal fractures looking like two brooms pushed end to end.

54
Q

What is a reaction pattern characterized by inflammation that targets the hair follicle out root sheath epithelium.

A

Mural folliculitis

Boards Prep (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions