Farm Animal Flashcards
1
Q
Impetigo (pustular dermatitis that does not affect follicles) in lactating animals is most commonly seen in what area?
A
Lesions are most commonly seen on the udder (especially the base of the teats and the intramammary sulcus) and teats, with the ventral abdomen, medial thighs, vulva, perineum, and ventral tail less commonly affected.
2
Q
Folliculitis (hair follicle inflammation) and furunculosis (hair follicle rupture) are uncommon and caused by what organism?
A
Staphylococcus aureus or, less commonly, S. hyicus.
3
Q
What is a rare bacterial infection of the cutaneous lymphatics. Cutaneous wounds may be contaminated by numerous bacteria, especially Trueperella (Arcanobacterium) pyogenes, Corynebacterium pseudotu- berculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and ß‐hemolytic strep- tococci.
A
Ulcerative lymphangitis
4
Q
What bacterial disease causes “lumpy jaw” in usually 2-5 year old cattle?
A
Actinomycosis
A. bovis (an oral cavity commensal) and occasionally A. israelii contaminate various traumatic wounds. The disease is most commonly seen in 2‐ to 5‐year‐old cattle, with no apparent breed or sex predilections.
5
Q
What disease causes lesions that may be single or multiple, facial swelling, and may be widespread on the back? Pyogranulomatous glossitis (“wooden tongue”) is uncommon feature of this disease.
A
Actinobacillosis caused by Actinobacillus lignieresii (an oral and rumen commensal)
6
Q
Blackleg is caused by ______. Lesions commonly occur on a leg, and are initially poorly circumscribed, painful, warm, pitting, deep swell- ings. Later the swelling becomes cool and hypoesthetic or anesthetic, and the skin becomes purplish to black, taut, cracked, and necrotic, then sloughs.
A
C. chauvoei
7
Q
Malignant edema (“gas gangrene”) is caused by what three organisms?
A
C. septicum, C. sordelli, or C. perfringens.
8
Q
Opportunistic (“atypical” and “nontuberculous”) mycobacterial granuloma (“skin tuberculosis”) is a rare to uncommon, disease. Infection occurs by wound contamination, and which organism has been isolated from some lesions?
A
Mycobacterium kansasi
9
Q
Mycobacterium farcinogenes and M. senegalense cause what disease in cattle?
A
Farcy; a pyogranulomatous disease of skin and lymphatics.
Skin lesions are most commonly seen on the head, neck, shoulder, and legs, especially in adults. Firm, painless, slow‐growing subcutaneous nodules may ulcer- ate and discharge a thick, stringy, odorless, grayish‐white or yellowish material.
10
Q
Abscesses are common in cattle especially infected knee and hock hygromas; facial associated with plant awn penetration; usually due to penetrating wounds; fluctuant, often painful, and subcutaneous; numerous bacteria, especially which organism?
A
Trueperella pyogenes
11
Q
Bacterial pseudomycetoma (“botryomycosis”) is commonly caused by what organism in cattle? Ulcerations on udder are common.
A
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
12
Q
Necrobacillosis is a disease associated with ‘foot rot’ in cattle. This is due to wet, humid conditions, sudden onset, fever, and lameness; moist, necrotic, ulcerative, and foul‐smelling caused by what organism?
A
Fusobacterium necrophorum biotypes A and B
13
Q
Necrotic vulvovaginitis is characterized by a sudden onset of inflammation and necrosis; usually post‐parturient first‐lactation cows caused by what organism?
A
Porphyromonas levii
14
Q
What bacteria is associated with eosinophilic granulomas in cattle?
A
Corynebacterium ulcerans
15
Q
What organism is associated ulcerative mammary dermatitis and hock lesions?
A
Treponema
16
Q
Digital dermatitis is an infectious, contagious, painful condition of the digital skin. Current evidence suggests that digital dermatitis is multifactorial, involving environmental, microbial, host, and management factors. A polytreponemal (spirochete) etiology has been suggested, with what organism being most likely?
A
Treponema
Digital dermatitis is a common cosmopolitan disease more commonly seen in dairy than in beef cattle. It is especially common in first‐calf heifers and young cows.
17
Q
Nodular thelitis and scrotitis is called by what organism in cattle?
A
Mycobacterium terrae and M. gordonae
18
Q
Septicemic slough is common in calves and caused by what organism?
A
Salmonella dublin and S. typhimurium;
19
Q
Interdigital dermatitis is cosmopolitan, common in moist environments, and associated with what infection?
A
Dichelobacter nodosus
20
Q
Interdigital necrobacillosis (“foot rot,” “foul in the foot,” and “interdigital phlegmon”) is an infection with what organism?
A
Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella (Bacteroides) melaninogenicus.
21
Q
Dermatophytosis (“ringworm”) in cattle is most commonly caused by what species ________, and less frequently by T. mentagrophytes, T. equinum, Microsporum gypseum, M. canis, and M. nanum.
A
Trichophyton verrucosum
The disease is most common in fall and winter, especially in confined ani- mals. There are no apparent breed or sex predilections, and young animals (less than one year old) are most commonly affected
22
Q
Where are lesions commonly seen on cattle with Chorioptic mange?
A
Caused by C. Bovis - Lesions are most commonly seen on the rump, tail, perineum, caudomedial thigh, caudal udder, and scrotum, and occasionally the distal hind legs and teats.
aka foot mange, leg mange or tail mange
23
Q
Psoroptic mange, most commonly seen in beef cattle, has a clinical distribution where?
A
Lesions typically begin on the shoulders and rump - lesions are more generalized
24
Q
Where is sarcoptic mange most commonly seen on cattle?
A
Lesions are most commonly seen on the face, pinnae, neck, shoulders, and rump, and can involve the udder cleft.
25
What are the biting and sucking lice of cattle? What is the different in distribution?
Damalinia (Bovicola) bovis (biting louse, order Mallophaga)
Haematopinus eurysternus, Linognathus vituli, and Solenopotes capillatus (sucking lice, order Anoplura).
D. bovis is most commonly seen over the neck, withers, and tail head. Sucking lice are commonly found on the poll, pinnae, muzzle, periocular region, neck, brisket, withers, tail, axillae, and groin
26
In North America—especially in the west and south- west—stephanofilariasis is caused by Stephanofilaria stilesi. What is the intermediate host?
Haematobia (Lyperosia) irritans (horn fly) is the intermediate host.
Stephanofilaria stilesi is a small, filarial parasite that causes a circumscribed dermatitis along the ventral midline of cattle. It has been reported throughout the USA but is more common in the west and southwest. Adult worms are 3–6 mm long and usually are found in the dermis, just beneath the epidermal layer.
27
What is the ear mite species in cattle?
Raillietia auris
28
Ctenocephalides felis strongylus is the common flea in what species of animal?
Cattle
29
What disease is a common infectious disease caused by Parapoxvirus bovis‐2. It is the most common infectious cause of teat lesions. Transmission occurs via contamination of skin abrasions. There are no apparent breed or age predilections, and milking cows and heifers are most commonly affected.
Pseudocowpox
30
Bovine papular stomatitis is a common, cosmopolitan infectious disease caused by what virus?
Parapoxvirus bovis‐1
There are no breed or sex predilections, and the disease is seen more commonly in animals less than 1 year of age.
Bovine papular stomatitis is a zoonosis. In humans, the condition is often called “milker’s nodule” or “farmyard pox.”
31
Bovine herpesvirus‐2 causes what disease in cattle?
Herpes mammillitis
Transmission occurs via contact and insect vectors. This disease occurs in lactating cattle, and heifers tend to be more severely affected. It is most common in summer and fall.
32
What species is the carrier for Malignant Catarrhal fever and what is the virus that causes the disease in cattle?
MCF results from infection by one of several members of a group of closely related ruminant gammaherpesviruses of the Rhadinovirus genus.
The principal carriers and their viruses are sheep (ovine herpesvirus-2), wildebeest (alcelaphine herpesvirus-1), and goats (caprine herpesvirus-2).
33
Bovine viral diarrhea is a cosmopolitan, infectious disease caused by a _____. What are the common cutaneous clinical signs?
Pestivirus
Acute infections are characterized by fever, diarrhea, cough, nasal and ocular discharges, and erosions and ulcers of the oral cavity.
Chronic infections (“mucosal disease”) are characterized by diarrhea, nasal and ocular discharge, progressive weight loss, necrosis and ulceration of oral mucosa, and erosion and ulceration and crusting of the muzzle, lips, nostrils, coronet, interdigital spaces, teats, vulva, and prepuce.
34
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a disease caused by which virus? Transmission occurs via aerosol and venereal methods. There are no apparent breed, age, or sex predilections.
Bovine herpesvirus‐1.
35
What is the vector for transmission of vascular stomatitis?
Vesicular stomatitis is an uncommon infectious disease caused by a Vesiculovirus. The disease is enzootic in North, Central, and South America, and is most common between late spring and early fall. Transmission occurs via aerosols and insect vectors (especially sim- ulids [black flies]).
***zoonotic
36
Foot‐and‐mouth disease is a highly contagious infectious disease of cattle, sheep, goats, and swine caused by an Aphthovirus. Which species does it not affect? What is the classical early clinical sign in cattle?
The FMD virus causes illness in cows, pigs, sheep, goats, deer, and other animals with divided hooves. It does not affect horses, dogs, or cats.
As vesicle formations begin, hypersalivation and nasal discharge are evident, and cattle may exhibit lip smacking, a classic early sign. Lameness becomes obvious.
* FMD is the number‐one foreign animal disease threat in the United States, and the most significant disease affecting free trade in animals and animal products internationally.
37
Lumpy skin disease (“knopvelsiekte”) is a chronic infectious disease caused by a Capripoxvirus (“neethling virus”). Transmission occurs via what insect vector?
Stomoxys calcitrans
38
Besnoitiosis (“globidiosis”) is an uncommon to common, protozoal disease caused by what organism? Transmission occurs by ingestion (vegetation contaminated with cat or vole feces containing oocysts) or by biting arthropods and insects (bradyzoites). The disease is most common in summer, and the risk is greater in animals on pasture.
Besnoitia besnoiti
*The most significant condition in domestic animals is that of cattle, in which B besnoiti causes economic loss through reduced milk production, infertility and sterility, skin lesions, and increased mortality. In males, a painful orchitis is usually present.
39
There appears to be an increased prevalence of alopecia areata in which breed of cows?
Eringer cows
40
Infection of what in pregnant cow produces in utero infection of fetus; born with generalized hypotrichosis that may be less severe on the head, tail, and distal limbs
BVD (bovine viral diarrhea)
41
Inherited epidermal dysplasis (IED), formerly called baldy calf syndrome, is a lethal disease of calves of what breed? The disease causes progressive ilithrift and skin, horn and hoof lesions, which can be confused with inherited zinc deficiency.
Holstein-Friesian
**autosomal recessive
42
In most cattle, cutaneous asthenia is inher ited as an autosomal recessive trait, and is associated with a deficiency in what enzyme?
procollagen peptidase (aminopropeptidase, type I procollagen N‐proteinase) activity
Cutaneous asthenia has been reported in a number of breeds, including Belgian, Charolais, Hereford, Holstein‐ Friesian, Simmental, and crossbreeds.
43
Chiana cattle with itchythyosis fettles have a H1935R substitution mutation what gene?
ABCA12 - this is an App binding cassette transporter 12 protein and has a major role in transportation of lipids in the epidermis responsible for cholesterol efflux from keratinocytes.
This was also identified in Shorthorn cattle
44
Several breeds of cattle have been identified as suffering from a less severe form of ichthyosis termed - ichthyosis congenital. Signs may be present at birth or appear within a few weeks with generalized hyperkeratosis. What endocrine abnormalities might be seen?
thyroid abnormalities
** and microtia and cataracts
45
JEB of Belgian blue cattle is caused by a missense mutation in what gene?
LAMA3 gene - this mutation results in a 22% shortening of the laminin alpha-3 chain, was found to be causative of JEB in this breed.
46
JEB in German black head mutton sheep is associated with altered Laminin-332 function; mutation which was located on which gene?
LAMC2
47
JEB in Charolais cattle is due to a mutation in what gene?
TGB4 genes encoding the integrin alpha-6 and beta-4
48
DEB in white Alpine sheep is due to a mutation causing a absence of what structure?
DEB in these lambs was due to a mutation causing an absence of secretion of collagen VII
49
DEB in Rotes Höhenvieh cattle was due to a mutation in what gene?
Genomewide homozygosity mapping was consistent with a COL7A1 mutation leading to impaired collagen VII function and anchoring fibril formation.
* Same as the Vorderwald cattle
50
EBS in Friesian-Jersey cattle mutation is linked to which KRT gene?
A mutation in the keratin V gene was identified
**Most reported cases of bovine epidermolysis bullosa resemble junctional epidermolysis bullosa, and are thought to be of autosomal recessive inheritance. In Simmentals and their crosses, the condition resembles epidermolysis bullosa simplex, and is autosomal domi nant with incomplete penetrance
51
Hereditary Zinc Deficiency is an autosomal recessive condition, primarily seen in Holstein-Friesian calves. This disease is characterized by an impaired function of the immune system, growth retardation and skin alterations as a result of a deficient gastrointestinal zinc absorption. In Holstein-Friesian cattle, BHZD is caused by a splice-site variant in what gene?
SLC39A
52
Erythropoietic porphyriahas been reported in many breeds. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with no sex predilection. Decreased levels of _________ result in increased levels of uroporphyrin I and coproporphyrin I in blood and tissues.
uroporphyrinogen III cosynthetase
53
Protoporphyria has been reported in Limousins and their crosses and Blonde d’Aquitaine. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with no sex predilection. Decreased levels of what result in increased levels of protoporphyrin in blood and tissues?
heme synthetase (ferrochelatase)
**Clinical signs include photodermatitis and photophobia. Teeth and urine are normal in color.
54
Ayrshires (autosomal dominant), Swedish cattle (autosomal recessive), and Herefords and Polled Herefords (autosomal recessive) develop curly (“wooly”) coat - this is a phenotypic marker for what disease in Herefords and Polled Herefords
cardiomyopathy
55
What is a vasoneuropathy associated with prolonged exposure to moisture, cold temperatures, and impaired blood flow to the extremities (e.g., standing in cool water for >2 to 3 days)?
Immersion foot
56
Ergotism is an uncommon disorder caused by alkaloids produced by what fungus?
Claviceps purpurea
It is characterized by dry gangrene and sloughing of distal extremities. C. pur- purea infects over 200 grasses and cultured cereals, especially wheat, barley, rye, and oats. The fungus is most abundant during warm, wet seasons. .Swelling usually begins at the coronary bands and progresses to the fetlocks.
Removing the animal from the source of the ergot toxins and providing supportive care is the only treatment for affected animals.
57
Hyalomma toxicosis (“sweating sickness”) is an uncom- mon tick‐borne disease in Africa, Sri Lanka, and southern India. It is caused by a toxin in certain strains of what insect?
the tick Hyalomma truncatum (transiens)
The dermatitis may be confined to the pinnae, face, neck, axillae, flank, or groin, but is often generalized. Affected skin is erythematous, edematous, oozing, painful, and foul‐ smelling.
58
What are the four types of photosensitization?
Primary photosensitization: A preformed or metabolically derived photodynamic agent reaches the skin by ingestion, injection, or contact.
Hepatogenous photosensitization: Blood phylloerythrin levels are elevated in association with liver abnormalities.
Photosensitization due to aberrant pigment synthesis (porphyria).
Idiopathic photosensitization.
59
Plants that cause primary photosensitization
```
St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum)
Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum and
Polygonum fagopyrum)
Bishop’s weed (Ammi majus)
Dutchman’s breeches (Thamnosma texana)
Wild carrot (Daucus carota) and spring parsley (Cymopterus watsonii)
Cooperia pedunculate
Smartweeds (Polygonum spp.) Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) Burr trefoil (Medicago denticulata) Alfalfa hay or silage
```
60
Drugs that cause primary photosensitization in cattle
```
Phenothiazines
Thiazides
Acriflavines
Rose Bengal
Methylene blue
Sulfonamides
Tetracyclines
```
61
Plant causes of hepatogenous photosensitization
Moldy Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) fungal elaboration
Lantana (Lantana camara) lantadene A and B
Sacahuista, blooms only (Nolina texana) saponins
Kleingrass (Panicum coloratum) saponins
Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris) saponins
Sececio
62
Rare and cosmopolitan; from eating what substance causes painful defecation and matting of feces around tail base and perineum; papules, vesicles, and necrotic foci in affected areas apparently due to irritating substance in feces
mushroom Amanita verna
63
This occurs from eating vetch plants (Vicia villosa and V. benghalensis); occurs after 2 to several weeks of exposure; in animals >3 years of age; papules, plaques, oozing, crusts, pruritus, and alopecia; begins on tailhead, udder, and neck with spread to face, trunk, and limbs; conjunctivitis, anorexia, fever, weight loss, and diarrhea; necropsy (systemic granulomatous disease); morbidity 6 to 8%; mortality as high as 50%
Hairy vetch toxicosis
64
Which bovine papilloma virus is characterized by so‐called “atypical warts” in cattle of all ages. These lesions are low, flat, circular, and nonpedunculated; have delicate to thick frond‐like projections on their surfaces; and may occur anywhere on the body, including the teats. These papillomas rarely regress spontaneously.
BPV 3
65
Which bovine papilloma-virus causes so‐called “rice grain warts” on the teats in cattle of all ages. These lesions are small, white, elongated, and hyperkeratotic, and they do not regress spontaneously.
BPV 5
66
Which bovine papillomavirus causes nonpedunculated, conical to branch‐like papillomas on the teats in cattle of all ages. These lesions are elongated and hyperkeratotic, with frond‐like surface projections. They are frequently broken off, leaving ulcers that become secondarily infected by bacteria. Spontaneous regression does not occur.
BPV 6
67
Which two breeds of cattle are predisposed to developing SCC?
Herefords and Ayrshires are at increased risk.
Brand keratomas occasionally transform into squamous cell carcinomas.
68
What breed of cattle is predisposed to developing melanomas?
Angus
69
Meloidiosis in goats is caused by what organism?
Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) pseudomallei - and in tropical climates (Southeast Asia and Australia); causes cutaneous and internal abscesses; zoonotic
70
What are the biting and chewing lice found on goats?
In the United States, recognized goat lice include
Damalinia (Bovicola) caprae, D. cras- sipes, and D. limbata (chewing lice, order Mallophaga)
Linognathus stenopsis and L. africanus (sucking lice, order Anoplura).
71
Which lice species can be transmitted from goat to sheep?
D. ovis
72
Keds, more often called sheep ticks, are actually a wingless fly. They spend their entire life cycle on sheep or goats, transferring between animals by contact. Sheep keds, also known as what, are primarily a pest of sheep, but occasionally are found on goats?
Melophagus ovinus
73
Przhevalskiana silenus (P. crossi, P. aegagi, Hypoderma silenus, and H. crossi) infestation is common on goats in certain parts of Asia and Europe. What is the other name for this disease?
Warbles
74
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is a common parasite of white‐tailed deer in North America, and a common cause of what disease in goats? What is the intermediate host?
neurologic
Infestation of goats occurs through ingestion of intermediate hosts (terrestrial snails and slugs) containing larvae passed in deer feces. There are no apparent breed, age, or sex predilections. Goats produce the lesions by biting or rubbing, possibly because migrating larvae irri- tate dorsal nerve roots supplying individual dermatomes.
75
Gotch ear is caused by what organism?
Associated with Amblyomma maculatum (Gulf Coast tick) attachment to pinna; erythema, swelling, yellowish exudate, crusts, alopecia, and excoriation; pinnae may become thickened, curled, and drooped, and may necrose and slough
76
Contagious viral pustular dermatitis (“contagious ecthyma,” “orf,” “soremouth,” “scabby mouth,” or “contagious pustular dermatitis”) is a common, is a disease caused by what virus?
Parapoxvirus ovis.
77
Bluetongue (Orbivirus) is transmitted via what vector?
Culicoides spp. are major vectors
78
Ovine rinderpest, also commonly known as peste des petits ruminants (PPR), is a contagious disease primarily affecting goats and sheep; however, camels and wild small ruminants can also be affected. It is caused by what virus?
Morbillivirus
79
What disease of young goats (pygmy and alpine) causes lesions on the face, pinnae, neck, ventrum, and distal limbs; nonpruritic with areas of erythema, crusting, and alopecia; marked orthokeratotic and parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, epidermal hyperplasia, and neutrophilic microabscesses within the epidermis
Psoriasiform dermatitis
80
Papillomas usually occur where in white goats (Saanen, Angora) that have lactated at least once?
udder and teats
81
What breed of goat is at an increased risk of developing SCC?
Angoras and Boers
82
What is probably a hereditary branchial cleft cyst; Nubians and Nubian crossbreeds developing these at birth to 3 months old; unilateral or bilateral at base of wattles; round, soft, fluctuant, painless.
Waddle cyst
83
Staphylococcal dermatitis and folliculitis has been described in neonatal lambs. Lesions occur on the lips, perineum, ventral tail, abdomen, groin, and axillae. What two species of Staph are usually isolated on culture?
S. aureus and S. xylosus were isolated in culture.
84
What is an acute, infectious disease caused by Clostridium novyi (especially in young rams), C sordellii, or rarely C chauvoei, characterized by a nongaseous, nonhemorrhagic, edematous swelling of the head, face, and neck of young rams. This infection is initiated in young rams by fighting or continual butting of one another. It has also been associated with the practice of dipping immediately after shearing. The bruised and battered subcutaneous tissues provide conditions suitable for growth of pathogenic clostridia, and the breaks in the skin offer an opportunity for their entrance. Treatment is with parenteral administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobials or penicillin.
Big Head
This infection is initiated in young rams by fighting or continual butting of one another. It has also been associated with the practice of dipping immediately after shearing. The bruised and battered subcutaneous tissues provide conditions suitable for growth of pathogenic clostridia, and the breaks in the skin offer an opportunity for their entrance. Treatment is with parenteral administration of broad-spectrum antimicrobials or penicillin.
85
Which species of microporum produces one to multiple lesions in show lambs (“club lamb fungus”) following shearing and washing. Lesions include annular areas of matted, discolored, easily epilated wool and erythema, erosion, and exudation?
M. gypseum
86
Sheep scab is common to uncommon in most parts of the world. It is caused by which mite?
Psoroptic mange - Psorptes bovis
87
What are the common chewing and biting louse of sheep?
```
Damalinia (Bovicola) ovis (chewing louse or “body louse,” order Mallophaga)
Linognathus ovillis (“face louse”) and L. pedalis (“foot louse”) (sucking lice, order Anoplura).
```
D. ovis is most commonly seen over the dorsum - it can be transmitted from sheep to goats
L. ovillis on the face, and L. pedalis on the legs and scrotum
88
In calliphorine myiasis what are the two species of facultative blow flies that are of particular economic significance in sheep?
Lucilia sericata and L. cuprina.
***Wohlfahrtia magnifica is an obligate sarcophagid fly, and the most important cause of traumatic myiasis in the Mediterranean Basin, parts of Europe, and China.
89
Keds ("sheep ticks") transmit what virus?
Bluetongue
**species of tick is Melophagus ovinus
90
Contagious pustular dermatitis virus and what other infectious disease may act together to produce large granulomatous masses extending proximally from the coronary band often referred to as "strawberry footrot". These lesions bleed profusely when traumatized.
Dermatophilus congolensis
91
Bluetongue (“soremouth,” “sore muzzle,” and “ovine catarrhal fever”) is an uncommon disease caused by what virus? Transmission occurs via Culicoides spp. gnats. There are no apparent breed, age, or sex predilections.
Orbivirus
92
What is a classic clinical sign of Bluetongue infection in sheep?
A swollen face is a classic sign of bluetongue.
Fever, stiffness, lameness, and reluctance to move are often the first signs of infection. Affected animals often stand with an arched back, the head lowered, and the pinnae drooping due to edema. The lips, muzzle, coro- nets, feet, and less often the anus and vulva are erythe- matous and edematous, and may develop ulcers and crusts.
93
What are the clinical signs of Border disease in sheep?
Border disease is caused by infection of the fetus in early pregnancy with border disease virus (Pestivirus D), a pestivirus (Flaviviridae) closely related to the viruses of classical swine fever (Pestivirus C) and bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease (Pestivirus A and B).
Neutrological dysfunction is the main clinical sign
94
A viable hypotrichosis, autosomal recessive in nature, occurs in what breed of sheep?
Polled Dorsets
95
Cutaneous asthenias inherited as an autosomal recessive trait in what breed. An autosomal dominant form has been reported in what breed?
Australian Border Leicester‐Southdown crossbred lambs
New Zealand Romneys.and is associated with a deficiency in
***Defeciency in procollagen peptidase (aminopropeptidase, type I procollagen N‐proteinase) activity. In
96
Most reported cases of ovine epidermolysis bullosa resemble ________, and are thought to be of autosomal recessive inheritance.
dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
97
Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa was reported in Weisses Alpenschats in Switzerland and Assafs in Spain. The conditions were autosomal recessive, and associated with deficient collagen ___.
VII (anchoring fibrils).
98
Junctional epidermolysis bullosa was reported in German Black‐ Headed Muttons in Germany and Churras in Spain. Ultrastructural examinations revealed cleavage through the lamina lucida and marked reduction in ____.
laminin V
99
```
Fleece rot (“wool rot,” “yolk rot,” “water rot,” “weather stain,” and “canary stain”) is a common, cosmopolitan (especially prevalent in Australia), superficial dermatitis. Severe necrosis, sloughing, and ulceration of face due to hepatic photosensitization.
resulting from bacterial proliferation induced by wetness and manifested by seropurulent exudation and matting of wool fibers. What microorganism is the main cause of this condition in sheep?
```
PSA
100
Bolo disease is caused by what microorganisms and most commonly in what breed of sheep?
Corynebacterium spp.; especially Merinos
101
What is the predominant microbial species associated with Spirochetosis in pigs?
This is a necrotic and ulcerative or granulomatous disease. Recent studies have identified Treponema pedis as the predominant Treponema species associated with skin diseases.
102
Erysipelas occurs in acute, subacute, and chronic clinical forms - describe them
Acute - fever, depression, anorexia, lameness, and prostration are accompanied by bluish to purplish discoloration of the skin, especially in the jowl, abdomen, pinnae, and legs.
Subacute - erythematous papules and wheals enlarge to form square, rectangular, or rhomboidal plaques (“diamond skin disease”). The erythematous plaques often develop a purplish, necrotic center. Lesions are most commonly seen on the throat, neck, pinnae, abdomen, and thighs.
The chronic form is characterized by necrosis and sloughing of the plaques, resulting in black, dry, firm areas of skin that peel away to reveal ulcers.
Erysipelas is a zoonosis, and veterinarians, abbatoir workers, and butchers are at increased risk.
103
Septicemic slough in pigs is usually associated with what infection? It is one recognized cause. There are no apparent breed or sex predilections, and young piglets are predisposition.
Salmonella choleraesuis (Gram‐negative rod)
104
Edema disease occurs usually in recently weaned pigs; edema and variable pruritus of eyelids, face, lips, pinnae, and neck; systemic signs; this is caused by what organism?
verotoxin‐producing Escherichia coli
105
What causes pinnal panniculitis (thickening of pinnae, especially concave surface)?
Haemophilus parasuis infection
106
Dermatophytosis is most common caused by what species of Microsporum or Trichophytan?
It is most commonly caused by Microsporum nanum, and less frequently by M. canis, M. gypseum, M. persicolor, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. verrucosum, and T. tonsurans.
*REMEMBER M. nanum and M. persicolor do not invade
hair shafts.
107
Pediculosis (lice) is a common infestation in pigs caused by the sucking louse, _______. What disease can this lice transmit?
Haematopinus suis
Lice are involved in the transmission of swinepox.
108
Demodex phylloides is the normal resident of hair follicles of what species?
Pigs
109
Co‐infection with PRRSV and genogroup 1 torque tenovirus (genus Anellovirus) induces what disease?
Dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome
Clinical signs are associated with an immune complex, leukocytoclastic and necrotiz- ing vasculitis, and a systemic coagulopathy (disseminated intravascular coagulation). Edema and proteinuria (nephrotic syndrome) are often characteristic findings.
110
What disease is also known as “aphthous fever" and causes painful vesicles and ulcers in mouth and is a highly contagious infectious disease of swine and ruminants caused by an Aphthovirus having seven principal serotypes: A, O, C, South African Territories (SAT) 1, SAT 2, SAT 3, and Asia 1.
Foot‐and‐mouth disease
***Humans may develop vesicles on the hands and/or in the mouth.
111
Bullous pemphigoid is an extremely rare autoimmune disease described in adult Yucatan minipigs. Autoantibodies (immunoglobulin G [IgG]) target ______ in the lamina lucida of the basement membrane zone.
collagen XVII
112
Dermatosis vegetans is a hereditary and often congenital disorder characterized by a symmetrical erythematous maculopapular dermatitis, coronary band and hoof lesions, giant cell pneumonia, and a usually fatal course. It is rare and cosmopolitan. It occurs in what breed of pig?
Landrace pigs as a simple autosomal recessive.
113
In New Zealand, an ultraviolet light–induced vesiculobullous disease is seen in white pigs eating what foods infected with the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum?
parsnips or celery
114
Juvenile Pustular Psoriasiform Dermatitis occurs most commonly in what breed of pigs?
Landrace
115
Hemangiomas are uncommon, benign neoplasms of endothelial cells. They occur most frequently in what anatomic location?
The scrotum of Yorkshire, Berkshire, and large white boars, and may be hereditary.
116
Melanocytic neoplasms is an autosomal dominant treat in what two breeds a miniature pigs?
Durocs and Sinclair miniatures.
117
What is the most common reported cause of dermatophytosis in camelids?
T. verrucosum is the most common purported cause, dermatophytosis in camelids is a potential zoonosis.
118
Chorioptic mange is the most common mite infestation of alpacas in most parts of the world. The infestation is much less common in llamas. It is caused by the mite ______.
Chorioptes bovis
**Psorioptic mange is caused by P. Bovis - Lesions are initially most commonly seen on the head, face, and pinnae
119
What are the biting and sucking lice of Camelids?
Chewing lice (Bovicola [Damalinia] breviceps) are most commonly seen on the tail head, the dorsal midline, and the sides of the neck and thorax.
Sucking lice (Microthoracius mazzi, M. camelli) are most commonly seen on the head, neck, shoulders, and flanks.
120
Aural Hematoma and Chondritis occurs in what species?
Alpacas
