miscellaneous Flashcards
what hormone is tested in pregnancy test
hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)
what cells secrete hCG
placental cells
appears in blood and urine of women when pregnant
when are urine at home pregnancy test most accurate
when used 1 week after missed period
does it matter how faint the positive line on a preg test is
nope
you still pregnant
what is a qualitative vs a quantitative serum pregnancy test
Qualitative: is hormone present yes or no
Quantitative: measures beta hCG. which is exact measurement of how much in blood. used to track problems in pregnancy: miscarriage, molar, ectopic
what is a molar pregnancy?
are beta hCG rates higher or lower
a noncancerous tumor that develops in the uterus as a result of a nonviable pregnancy
beta hCG is higher as it doubles more quickly
would beta hCG rates be higher or lower in ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage
would be lower levels in both
would not have placental cells to secrete hCG
what type of pregnancy test is most likely to give a false postivie
serum test
what type of preg test is most likely to give a false neg
urine test
what is important to remember when obtaining blood culture
must obtain 2 specimens from 2 different sites
this prevents the skin bacteria being mistaken for somehting in the blood
best to obtain prior to antibiotics
what is difficult about culturing a wound
many wounds have many more than one bacteria present
best to clean wound with saline as much as possible to try and get a good sample
methods for collecting a culture specimen from a wound
swab: use zig zag motion or rotate
needle aspiration: collect fluid
wound tissue biopsy: need viable tissue
when obtaining clean catch urine sample should pt collect allof their urine in cup
no
first portion of stream should go into toilet and then just small sample needed
what is a suprapubic aspiration
collected directly from bladder by inserting needle through abdominal wall into bladder
used to obtain urine for anaerobic culture and with infants and young children
what is a U bag
disposable pouch that attaches to childs perineal area to collect urine
often contaminated, but if negative will rule out UTI
what is most common bacteria to cause tonsillitis / phayngitis
group A strep
what age group most likely to be affected by group A strep
kids ages 5-15
will have sudden onset with headache, fever, tonsil exudate
treat antibiotics
what age group is most likely to have mono (viral EBV)
ages 10-35
fatigue, malaise
fever
tonsil exudate
no antibiotics
what age group most likely to get rhinovirus
any age
scratchy sore throat pain and swallow cough rhinorrhea sometimes low grade fever
what is a rapid strep test
rapid strep test is an antigen detection test that detects strep pyogenes (Called strep A)
results in 15 mins in office
when obtaining a culture of anything what is important to do
visualize what you want to culture and be sure not to touch anything else which would contaminate the sample
what is the monospot test
detects infectious mononucleosis
first ordered when suspect mono
what cause mononucleosis
Epstein barr virus
most common in young adults
transmitted via saliva
how do you obtain mono spot test
obtain blood sample
detect presence of IgM heterphiles antibodies
takes 2 weeks for antibodies to develop
results in 5 mins
are monospot tests accurate
not very
20-30% of pts will have false negative if HETEROPHILE NEGATIVE
false positive is very rare
what is the modified allen test and when is it used
used to assess the collateral blood supply before obtaining an arterial blood gas sample
occlude both arteries to hand and then release on and chekc the refill
repeat with other
most common site to obtain sample for ABG
radial artery of non dominant hand
must apply pressure for at least 5 mins after sample to allow clotting (up to 15 if increased risk of bleeding)
steps to evaluate ABG
- evaluate the pH and determine if there is acidosis of alkalosis present
- evaluate the PCO2 (indirect relationship to pH)
- Evaluate HCO3 (direct relationship to pH)
