miscellaneous

Question 1

what hormone is tested in pregnancy test

Answer 1

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

Question 2

what cells secrete hCG

Answer 2

placental cells

appears in blood and urine of women when pregnant

Question 3

when are urine at home pregnancy test most accurate

Answer 3

when used 1 week after missed period

Question 4

does it matter how faint the positive line on a preg test is

Answer 4

nope

you still pregnant

Question 5

what is a qualitative vs a quantitative serum pregnancy test

Answer 5

Qualitative: is hormone present yes or no

Quantitative: measures beta hCG. which is exact measurement of how much in blood. used to track problems in pregnancy: miscarriage, molar, ectopic

Question 6

what is a molar pregnancy?

are beta hCG rates higher or lower

Answer 6

a noncancerous tumor that develops in the uterus as a result of a nonviable pregnancy

beta hCG is higher as it doubles more quickly

Question 7

would beta hCG rates be higher or lower in ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage

Answer 7

would be lower levels in both

would not have placental cells to secrete hCG

Question 8

what type of pregnancy test is most likely to give a false postivie

Answer 8

serum test

Question 9

what type of preg test is most likely to give a false neg

Answer 9

urine test

Question 10

what is important to remember when obtaining blood culture

Answer 10

must obtain 2 specimens from 2 different sites

this prevents the skin bacteria being mistaken for somehting in the blood
best to obtain prior to antibiotics

Question 11

what is difficult about culturing a wound

Answer 11

many wounds have many more than one bacteria present

best to clean wound with saline as much as possible to try and get a good sample

Question 12

methods for collecting a culture specimen from a wound

Answer 12

swab: use zig zag motion or rotate

needle aspiration: collect fluid

wound tissue biopsy: need viable tissue

Question 13

when obtaining clean catch urine sample should pt collect allof their urine in cup

Answer 13

no

first portion of stream should go into toilet and then just small sample needed

Question 14

what is a suprapubic aspiration

Answer 14

collected directly from bladder by inserting needle through abdominal wall into bladder

used to obtain urine for anaerobic culture and with infants and young children

Question 15

what is a U bag

Answer 15

disposable pouch that attaches to childs perineal area to collect urine

often contaminated, but if negative will rule out UTI

Question 16

what is most common bacteria to cause tonsillitis / phayngitis

Answer 16

group A strep

Question 17

what age group most likely to be affected by group A strep

Answer 17

kids ages 5-15

will have sudden onset with headache, fever, tonsil exudate

treat antibiotics

Question 18

what age group is most likely to have mono (viral EBV)

Answer 18

ages 10-35

fatigue, malaise
fever
tonsil exudate

no antibiotics

Question 19

what age group most likely to get rhinovirus

Answer 19

any age

scratchy sore throat
pain and swallow
cough
rhinorrhea
sometimes low grade fever

Question 20

what is a rapid strep test

Answer 20

rapid strep test is an antigen detection test that detects strep pyogenes (Called strep A)

results in 15 mins in office

Question 21

when obtaining a culture of anything what is important to do

Answer 21

visualize what you want to culture and be sure not to touch anything else which would contaminate the sample

Question 22

what is the monospot test

Answer 22

detects infectious mononucleosis

first ordered when suspect mono

Question 23

what cause mononucleosis

Answer 23

Epstein barr virus

most common in young adults

transmitted via saliva

Question 24

how do you obtain mono spot test

Answer 24

obtain blood sample

detect presence of IgM heterphiles antibodies

takes 2 weeks for antibodies to develop

results in 5 mins

Question 25

are monospot tests accurate

Answer 25

not very

20-30% of pts will have false negative if HETEROPHILE NEGATIVE

false positive is very rare

Question 26

what is the modified allen test and when is it used

Answer 26

used to assess the collateral blood supply before obtaining an arterial blood gas sample

occlude both arteries to hand and then release on and chekc the refill

repeat with other

Question 27

most common site to obtain sample for ABG

Answer 27

radial artery of non dominant hand

must apply pressure for at least 5 mins after sample to allow clotting (up to 15 if increased risk of bleeding)

Question 28

steps to evaluate ABG

Answer 28

1. evaluate the pH and determine if there is acidosis of alkalosis present
2. evaluate the PCO2 (indirect relationship to pH)
3. Evaluate HCO3 (direct relationship to pH)