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Medicine > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

what is relevant under the cartilaginous part of the nose?

A

Littles area - to be compressed during epistaxis

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2
Q

Which troponin binds to the tropomyosin complex?

A

Troponin C

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3
Q

Which troponins are only found in cardiac muscle after cardiac damage?

A

Troponin T and I

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4
Q

What autoantibodies are present in SLE?

A

ANA’s
Anti-SM
dsDNA

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5
Q

What are the initial symptoms of SLE?

A 
Photosensitive rash 
Oral ulceration 
Arthritis - RA but reducible 
Seizure 
Psychosis 
Anaemia and Thrombocytopenia 
Nephrosis (toxic to kidney)
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6
Q

What would you expect to see on a patient with SLE’s urine dipstick?

A

Lots of protein present

Blood may also be present

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7
Q

How is mild SLE treated?

A

Topical NSAIDs

Lifestyle - avoid the sun

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8
Q

How is moderate SLE treated?

A

DMARDs (methotrexate, sulfasalazine, infliximab)

Steroid injections

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9
Q

what shape is clostridium difficile?

A

Gram positive bacillus

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10
Q

what is sarcoidosis?

A

Multisystem disorder characterised by non-caseating granulomatous inflammation.

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11
Q

What are possible causes of sarcoidosis?

A

Mycobacter- TB infection

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of sarcoidosis? A GRUELLING Disease.

A 
ACE increase 
Granulomatous inflammation 
aRthritis 
Uveitis 
Erythema nodosum 
Lymphadenopathy - bilateral hilar 
Lupus pernio
Idiopathic 
Non-caseating 
Gammaglobulinemia 
vitamin D deficiency
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13
Q

What lung problem is signature of chronic sarcoidosis?

A

Interstitial fibrosis - crackles, cough and dyspnoea.

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14
Q

What investigations may be used for acute or chronic sarcoidosis and how may they differ?

A 
Both = CRP/ESR increase 
Chronic = Increased ACE, IgG, Calcium, ALP
Both = pulmonary function tests - X-ray - HRCT
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15
Q

What is the treatment of sarcoidosis?
Stage 0-1
Stage 2
Severe

A

0-1 = spontaneously resolution
2+ = Bed rest and NSAIDs
If have parenchymal lung disease, uveitis, hypercalcaemia, neuro or CVS problems then put on low dose prednisolone.
Severe = IV methylprednisolone or immunosuppressants (methotrexate, cyclosporin)

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16
Q

What 6 conditions does hypertension increase the risk of?

A 
Chronic kidney disease 
Heart failure 
Coronary artery disease 
stroke 
Peripheral artery disease 
Vascular dementia
17
Q

What BP measurements would mean stage I hypertension? - Difference between home and GP?

A

140/90-159/99 - clinic

135/85-149-94 - at home

18
Q

What BP measurements would mean stage II hypertension? - Difference between home and GP?

A

160/100 - 180/120 - clinic

150/95 or higher average at home

19
Q

What BP measurements would mean stage III hypertension? - clinic only

A

180 or more systolic

120 or more diastolic

20
Q

What has the difference between systolic measurements got to be to diagnose postural hypotension?

A

20mgHG

21
Q

What antihypertensive drug would you start a patient who has type 2 diabetes or a patient who doesn’t but is under 55 and not of african heritage?

A 
ACEI (ramipril) 
or ARB (candesartan)
22
Q

What antihypertensive would you prescribe for a patient that is 55 or older or african heritage (any age) to start on?

A

CCB - amlodipine (dihydropyridine)

23
Q

What anti-hypertensive drug would you introduce to add to a patients regime for the second step?

A

One of
Thiazide like diuretic (indapamide)
CCB/ARB/ACEI
Whatever hasn’t previously been used

24
Q

What is the treatment for stage 3 of choice of antihypertensives?

A

ACEI/ARB + CCB + thiazide-like diuretic

25
Q

What infection is most likely to be due to air conditioning or after a foreign holiday?

A

Legionella/ Legionairre’s disease

26
Q

A patient returns from holiday with a flu like illness with hyponatraemia and deranged LFT’s. A day later a CXR shows a pleural effusion.
What is the next investigation would you like to do?
What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is the treatment?

A

Urinary antigen
Legionella infection
Clarithromycin/erythromycin

27
Q 
What syndrome is characterised by: 
venous/arterial thrombosis 
prolonged APTT 
recurrent foetal loss 
livedo reticularis 
thrombocytopenia ?
A

Anti-phospholipid syndrome

28
Q

What are associated conditions of anti-phospholipid syndrome?

A 
SLE.
Rheumatoid arthritis.
Systemic sclerosis.
Behçet's disease.
Giant cell arteritis.
Sjögren's syndrome.
Psoriatic arthropathy.
29
Q

What is the management for antiphospholipid syndrome?

A

Low dose aspirin

Medicine (26 decks)

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