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Medicine > Acute Care > Flashcards

Acute Care Flashcards

1
Q

What do you give to a patient whose heart rate is low - Medication?

A

Atropine

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2
Q

What is the long term treatment of bradycardia?

A

Pacemaker

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3
Q

What would you use for a patient with tachycardia?

A

Beta-blockers

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4
Q

What are 3 potential triggers of sinus tachycardia?

A

Alcohol
Caffeine
Nicotine

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5
Q

What to give to a patient to increase contractility of their heart?

A

Adrenaline
Noradrenaline
Positive Inotropes

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6
Q

What could you give to decrease heart contractility?

A

Labetalol - cardiac specific beta blocker

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7
Q

What will increase systolic and diastolic BP and preload?

A

FLUIDS

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8
Q

What drug would be used to decrease systolic BP?

A

Calcium Channel Blocker

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9
Q

What could be used to decrease diastolic BP and preload?

A

Diuretics

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10
Q

What are the 3 main brain bleeds?

A

Subarachnoid
Subdural
Extradural

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11
Q

What is the common cause of a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

And what is the treatment?

A

A ruptured brain aneurysm

Coil or clip the aneurysm

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12
Q

Subdural haemorrhages can be acute or chronic. How would you diagnose a subdural haemorrhage on a CT brain.

A

Banana shape.
Acute - hyperdense - lighter
Chronic - Hypodense - darker

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13
Q

What is the common cause of chronic subdural haemorrhage?

A

Older person on anti-coagulant who has had a minor fall or head injury or a alcoholic.

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14
Q

What is the management for subdural haematoma? (large, small, acute and chronic)

A

If small and asymptomatic then would want to observe and treat conservatively.

If larger, symptomatic or has midline shift then want to do surgery.
If chronic then want to do burr holes to drain.
If acute want to do a craniotomy.

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15
Q

What is the common cause of a acute subdural haematoma?

A

serious high speed head injury

e.g. car crash, fall or violent assault

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16
Q

On a CT head there is a haematoma the shape of a lemon. What is the name of this?

A

Extradural haematoma

17
Q

What is the main cause of extradural haematoma?

A

Skull fracture - trauma

18
Q

What artery is most commonly responsible for a extradural haematoma?

A

Middle meningeal artery

19
Q

What is the management for a extradural haematoma?

A

Initially stabilise the patient

Burr holes or craniotomy dependent on severity and time scale of bleed.

20
Q

What is the adrenaline dose for anaphylaxis in a adult?

A

1:1000 concentration

500 mcg IM (0.5ml)

21
Q

What is the adrenaline dose for anaphylaxis in a child between 6-12?

A

1:1000

300mcg (0.3ml)

22
Q

What is the adrenaline dose for anaphylaxis in a child between 6 years to 6 months?

A

1:1000

150mcg (0.15 ml)

23
Q

What is the adrenaline dose for anaphylaxis in a child under 6 months old?

A

1:1000

100-150mcg (0.1-0.15 ml)

24
Q

What is the adrenaline dose for cardiac arrest?

A

1:10000
100mcg/ml
10ml to give 1mg

25
Q

What is the sepsis 6?

A 
Give fluids 
Give oxygen
Give IV antibiotics 
Take a urine sample 
Take a lactate 
Take blood cultures
26
Q

What are the 5 potential causes for shock?

A 
Cardiogenic
Septic 
Neurogenic 
Hypovolaemia 
Anaphylactic
27
Q

What are the potential causes of cardiorespiratory arrest?

4H’s and 4T’s

A

Hypoxia
Hypovolaemia
Hyperkalaemia/Hypokalaemia
Hypothermia

Tension Pneumothorax
Cardiac Tamponade
Drug toxicity and therapeutics
Thromboembolism

28
Q

What drugs should be stopped in AKI as they may worsen renal function?
NAAAD?

A 
NSAID (except aspirin at 75mg) 
Aminoglycosides
ACE inhibitor 
ARB 
Diuretics
29
Q

What drugs should be stopped in AKI due to increased risk of toxicity? (3)

A

Lithium
Metformin
Digoxin

30
Q

What ECG changes are shows with Hyperkalaemia?

A

Tented T waves
Loss of P waves
broad QRS complexes
Sinusoidal wave pattern

31
Q

What can be given to manage hyperkalaemia?

A

Calcium gluconate

Dextrose/insulin

32
Q

What ECG changes are shown in hypokalaemia?

A 
U waves 
Small or absent T waves 
Prolonged PR interval 
ST depression 
Long QT

Medicine (26 decks)

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