Miscarriage Flashcards
What is the definition of Miscarriage?
UK = Loss of intrauterine pregnancy <24 weeks gestation
WHO = Expulsion of fetus / embryo weighing 500g or less
What is the difference between early and late miscarriage?
Early = loss before 12 weeks Late = loss between 12-24 weeks
What percentage of miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities?
50%
How would you diagnose a miscarriage?
Crown-Rump length of embryo 7mm or more with No fetal heart action
Mean sac diameter of 25mm gestational sac with no yolk sac or embryo
What is a threatened miscarriage?
Pregnancy confirmed, presenting with vaginal bleeding
What is an inevitable miscarriage?
Cervix open on examination, miscarriage likely imminent
Complete miscarriage?
when all pregnancy tissue has passed out of uterus
Incomplete miscarriage?
when some pregnancy tissue remains in the uterus
Delayed miscarriage?
When pregnancy has stopped growing or when fetus has died and there is no sign of bleeding
What are the three management options of miscarriage?
Expectant - let’s the pregnancy pass naturally
Medical - Misoprostol is given to instigate uterine contraction and passing of tissue
Surgical - operation to remove pregnancy tissue
What are the three management options for Ectopic pregnancy?
Surgical - if symptomatic or unstable
Medical - Methotrexate (folate antagonist)
Conservative - if asymptomatic or falling HCG
What is the definition of an ectopic pregnancy?
Implantation of pregnancy outside the womb
How much is the of ectopic pregnancy increased following a first ectopic?
10%
If a patient with a previous ectopic pregnancy becomes pregnant again, what additional appointment would they have during antenatal care?
Offer an ultrasound scan at 7 weeks to determine if pregnancy is intrauterine
Where is the most common site for ectopic pregnancy?
Fallopian tubes
