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MRCS revision > MISC pathology > Flashcards

MISC pathology Flashcards

1
Q

dyes and rubber - what cancer?

A

bladder cancer

example of dyd Benzene

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2
Q

what is liddle syndrome?

A

Hypertension and hypokalaemia

++ resorbtion of sodium

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3
Q

what condition has Hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis, with hypocalciuria and hypomagnesaemia

A

Gitelmans syndrome

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4
Q

in what condition woudl you see U waves on ECG

A

hypokalcaemia
hypocalcaemia

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5
Q

what factors are Vit K dependent

A

10 9 7 2

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6
Q

what is dumping syndrome ?

A

rapid movement of chyme from stomach to duodenum

early = dizzyness/black outs, due to fluid shift from circulation to intestines

late = rebound hypoglycaemia 2-4 hrs after

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7
Q

what condition has 21-hydroxylase deficiency?

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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8
Q

Masaoka classification?

A

thymoma

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9
Q

what endocrine syndrome is linked with

squamous cell carcinoma
small cell carcinoma

A

small cell carcinoma = SIADH

squamous cell carcinoma = ectopic parathyroid hormone (PTH)

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10
Q

what is found in granulation tissue?

A

new capillaries, fibroblasts and collagen

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11
Q

what is found in a granuloma?

A

giant cell and lymphocytes

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12
Q

what deficiency is seen in grey platelet syndrome?

A

alpha-granules deficiency

blood smears apear grey
patients will have prolonged bleeding

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13
Q

what is in a O’Donoghue’s triard?

A

Medial menisicus
Medial collateral ligament
ACL

these can take up to a year to repair

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14
Q

what type of anaemia is seen in thalasaemia?

A

Hypochromic microcytic

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15
Q

what is the most common type of testicular cancer?

A

seminoma

histology = sheets of clear cells with substantial fibrous

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16
Q

at what ages are cleft lip/palet/jaw surgicaly repaired?

A

3-6 months = Lip
6-12 mnth = palet
7+ years = Jaw, with bone graft from pelvis

17
Q

what is a foam cell?

A

machrohpages that have injested lipids in athrosclerosic plaques

18
Q

what cell type is sickel cell anaemia?

A

normocytic normochromic anaemia

will have haemolytic anaemia with high reticulocyte count

19
Q

what is the calculation of MCV?

A

MCV = (haematocrit x 1000) divided by RBC

20
Q

what happens to cardiac output in anaemia?

A

increases to keep up with physiological demands

21
Q

what cancer metastasis to the adrenal glands?

A

breast and Lung

22
Q

most common place for a extopic pregancy?

A

Ampulla of fallopian tube

23
Q

what are common causes of sudden cardiac death?

A

long QT, Brugada, catecholaminergic polymorphic VT

24
Q
A
24
Q

what blood changes are seen in osteopenia?

A

non no changes in bloods

25
Q

what can cause hydronephrosis and no urine production in a new born?

A

posterior urethral valve pathology

26
Q
A

MRCS revision (13 decks)

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