Misc Animals (GPs, Rabbits, Reptiles, etc.) Flashcards

1
Q

How long do you leave skin sutures in for reptiles? What type of suture should you avoid? SO what would be ideal?

A

Leave the sutures in for 4-6 weeks, take longer to heal

** ensure no inverting sutures because of ecdysis– do not want skin inverted to have further sheds and therefore build up of abnormal sheds internally from inverted suturing

** Horizontal mattress sutures to slightly evert

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2
Q

Parts of the reptile eye? Glands?

A

scleral ossicles- hold the structure of the globe

Conus papillarus- irridescent

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3
Q

Chelonians vision? Drainage?

A

* NL gland for salt regulation– no nasolacrimal duct– tears will NORMALLY overflow and are lost via evaporation

** colour vision, third eyelid

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4
Q

Lizard eyes

A

* colour vision, eyelids (not present in geckos), Third eyelid

* some have fused eyelides (spectacle) as per snake

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5
Q
A
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6
Q

Snake eyes

A
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7
Q
A

Typical problem with dysecdysis often husbandry problem e.g. humidity, something to rub against

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8
Q
A
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9
Q
A

Cut a wedge in the spectacle and drain the fluid

** can have retained spectacles from shedding

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

What is the picture? Other common eye problems of reptiles?

A
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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Reptile Skin

A
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14
Q

What are the 3 layers of the epidermis in a reptile? What fuses to form the shell in chelonians? What are osteoderms?

A

* Dermis fuses to form the shell in chelonians

* Osteoderms- bony plates in some species

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

One method of speciating chelonians

A
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17
Q

What is the problem when humidity is too low with ecdysis? What is endysis?

A

* Lymph dries out and therefore dysecdysis

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18
Q

Main causes of dysecdysis? Treatment?

A

* Getting rid of the shed- warm water baths, patience

* Correct underlying issues

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19
Q

What is the most common reptile mite?

A
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20
Q

Reptile mite diagnosis

A
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21
Q

Mite treatment

A
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22
Q

General principles with treating reptiles

A

** don’t put straight back into its enclosure can cause toxicity if allowed to build up

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23
Q

Common causes of skin infections in reptiles? Treatment?

A
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24
Q
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25
Q

Treatment?

A
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26
Q
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27
Q
A

* histopath evidence of intralesional hyphae

* culture difficult

* contagious

* Poor husbandry- pre-existing wounds

* Treatment often unrewarding- itraconazole, surgical debridement

28
Q

Petechial haemorrhages in the inguinal or shoulder area?

A

Septicaemia

29
Q

Rabbit eyes

30
Q

GP eyes

31
Q

Rat eyes

A

* Poor nocturnal vision

* Large Harderian gland

* Secrete lipids and red porphyrin- chromodacryorrhea= red tears (this does mean we have a stressed rat)

32
Q

Ferret eyes

A

* well developed nictitating membrane

* adapted for nocturnal life

* cataracts common in aged ferrets

33
Q

Rabbit eye conditions

A

* Conjunctivitis

* dental disease as a contributing factor

* Nasolacrimal duct

* Encephalitozoon cuniculi

35
Q

Nasolacrimal system in a rabbit

A

Chronic dental problems, the inflammation, can block the NLD

36
Q

What is this in a rabbit?

A

Dacryocystitis

37
Q

If you see mucopurulent discharge, tx?

A

* irrigation of NLD and dental workup

38
Q

With sudden head tilt, what is it likely? Diagnosis and treatment?

A

* many will become infected in utero

* may rupture the lens

** Diagnosis and Tx: test for EC, surgical removal of lens, Fenbendazole (can be toxic, but some still use as a preventive measure in some clinics)…if the eye is not painful may not do anything… could remove the eye if severe… ophthamologist can use ultrasound, break it down, and suck it out

** DDX without head tilt– abscess, uveitis from other causes

39
Q

Common rabbit eye problems

A

* myxomatosis- swollen eyelids (chemosis- swelling of the conjunctiva)

40
Q

GP common eye problems

A

Dermoid cyst- can just shave it off

41
Q

Ferret common eye problems

A

* Cataract- common

* retinal degeneration

42
Q
A

Chromodacryorrhoea in a rodent

43
Q

Considerations with enucleation in rabbits

A

* close to the eyelids in the rabbit- venous plexus/ sinus…. just a bit of pressure, rabbit blood clots rapidly

44
Q
A

Normal moult in a rabbit (particularly wild rabbit)

45
Q
A

* barbering- cage mate will groom, dominance

46
Q

Two kinds of mites on rabbits? What do they often mean?

A

Cheyletiella parasitovorax

= main culprit

Leporacus gibbus

may also be present:

usually asymptomatic.

clings to hair shaft

May be commensals?

Look for underlying cause/illness

48
Q

Tx and control?

A

* Selamectin, Ivermectin, Pain relief (Meloxicam), Avoid ear solutions/ cleaning until inflammation/ pain settled, hygiene and quarantine

49
Q

Concern with fleas on rabbits? Tx?

A

* Selamectin (Revolution), Imidacloprid (Advantage)

** Do not use Fipronil (Frontline) - toxic to rabbits

* Environmental cleaning, treat all animals in the household

50
Q
A

* look for underlying cause (e.g. inadequate fiber intake)

* Supportive care, clean/clip fur (sedate)

* Analgesia, AMs

** Avoid cortisone based creams (immune system crash)

51
Q

What can occur with Cylap? How do you avoid?

54
Q

Physiological hair loss in GPs

56
Q

GP presenting with enlarged lymph nodes

A

Remove LNs affected

57
Q

Why do we recommend desexing female GPs?

A

* can look potbellied

58
Q

In a GP

59
Q

Lice on GPs indicates what?

A

Poor husbandry

60
Q

In a GP

A

* might think the GP is epileptic, but it could be pruritis

** think of commensal?? Old GP

** Or introduction/ purchase of new pet

** Consider vitamin C status

** TX: Selamectin, Shampoos, Pain relief? AMs?

61
Q
A

Sedate and bathe, selamectin, ivermectin, pain relief, AMs

62
Q

Common ferret lumps

63
Q

Should you remove anal glands in ferrets?

A

No just desex

64
Q

What would you see with Distemper or Adrenal Gland disease in ferrets?

66
Q

Common neoplasms in rats and mice?

A

* Mammary tumours

** Desex!! ovariectomy

* Tx: do nothing, wait for ulceration/ self trauma, surgery- rats

67
Q

Other than mammary tumours, other skin masses in rats and mice?