Misc.

Question 1

Urinary Osmolaltiy>plasma osmolality

Hypotonic, Euvolimic hyponatremia

Most common hyponatremia in hospitalized pt’s.

Caused by disorders which affect the CNS or lungs

Serum sodium <130

ADH produced without proper stimulus

Answer 1

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion

Question 2

Peripheral edema

Excessive salt retention

Answer 2

Volume overload

Question 3

Proteinemia (3g/day); hypoalbuminemia; edema; hyperlipidema; fat bodies in urine; foamy urine

Answer 3

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 4

Hematuria; proteinuria (0.3-3g/day); RBC casts; edema

Answer 4

Nephritic Syndrome

Question 5

Increased amounts of nitrogenous waste products (esp. urea) in blood

Results in decreased GFR

Answer 5

Azotemia

Question 6

Intoxication caused by accumulation of metabolic byproducts (due to renal failure) that are normally excreted

Answer 6

Uremia