Fluid/Electrolyte imabalances

Question 1

Can see after infectious diarrhea.

Can resut in dangerous arrhythmias (U waves)

Muslce weakness, fatigue, cramps, tetany, and paralysis in severe

Answer 1

Hypokalemia

Question 1

Skeletal muscle spasms and cramps

Parathesia of lips and extremities

Chvostek sign (facial muscle contraction when facial nerve tapped)

**Trousseau **(carpal spasm after occlusion of brachial artery)

Answer 1

Hypocalcemia

Question 1

1) Dimished supply
2) Increased loss (**Alcoholsim) **
3) Intracellualr shift (resp. alkolosis)

Mild: bone issues. Severe: Rhabdo, paresthias, encephalopahty, resp. failure

Answer 1

Hypophosphatemia

Question 2

Commonly related to hyperthyroidism

May affect GI tract. Polyuria, weakness, drowsiness, stupor

Answer 2

Hypercalcemia

Question 4

Not common unless a person cannot absolutely drink.

Causes when >400: fluid loss either non-renal (burns, diarrhea, vomiting) or renally (diuretics, primary aldosteronism)

S/s: dehydration, lethargy, irratabilty and weakness

Answer 4

Hypernatremia

Question 5

Ultimately controlled via total body water

Mild: Asymptomatic to malaise, HA, cognitative imparement

Severe: Sz, brain herniation

Answer 5

Hyponatremia

Question 6

Muscle weakness, decreased DTR, hypotension, heart block, confusion

Due to imparied excretion and increased intake

Answer 6

Hypermagnesemia

Question 8

Muscle weakness and paralysis–> commonly seen in those with CKD

Associated with acidosis

Peaked T waves

Answer 8

Hyperkalemia

Question 9

Neurologic symptoms and arrhytmias.

Muscle Weakness/cramps

Answer 9

Hypomagnesemia