Miranda & false confessions Flashcards
Brown v Mississippi
Black men beaten until they confessed
SCOTUS said confessions resulting from police brutality are NOT voluntary and CANNOT be admitted into evidence
- DUE PROCESS violation
Escobedo v Illinois
SCOTUS: 6th amendment right to counsel during interrogation
man requested attorney several times but couldn’t see him until he confessed
Miranda v Arizona
SCOTUS laid out constitutional basis for Miranda Warning
- must UNDERSTAND rights
- must VOLUNTARILY waive them
Fare v Michael C.
SCOTUS: when juvenile questioned look at the TOTALITY of CIRCUMSTANCES
- requesting his PO wasn’t an automatic invocation of 5th
16yo requested his PO - offered confession without waiver tho
Colorado v Connelly
SCOTUS: waiver is voluntary as long as it’s not the product of police coercion
- free will
Man said voice of God told him to confess
Crane v Kentucky
SCOTUS: defense should be able to present evidence related to how the confession was obtained as it’s relevant to their case
Involved a 16yo who confessed to murder after being moved to a formal interrogation facility
Dickerson v United States
SCOTUS: Congress can’t bypass a constitutional right by passing a new law overruling Miranda
- congressional legislation doesn’t supersede constitutional right
Fellers v United States
SCOTUS: law enforcement can’t deliberately try to get incriminating information after formal proceedings begin
- violated 6th right to counsel
Involved a man who was indicted in a grand jury and then police went to question him
Berghuis v Thompkins
SCOTUS: must CLEARLY and unambiguously invoke 5th
Involved a man who stayed mostly silent for 3 hours but then made incriminating statements
J.D.B. v North Carolina
SCOTUS: age is a relevant factor in determining whether statements are voluntary
Involved a 13yo who was in special ed and was questioned by police at school - no opportunity to call his parents
