Juvenile delinquency

Question 1

Kent v United States

Answer 1

Involved insufficient investigation before juvenile court waived jurisdiction

Court set precedent for juvenile due process
- required thorough investigation before juvenile court waives jurisdiction

Question 2

In re Gault

Answer 2

15 yo was arrested for prank phone calls, held for 4 days, parents not called, committed for 6 years, no witnesses or attorney

SCOTUS ruled that juveniles have 14th amendment rights to due process
- notice of charges
- right to counsel
- remain silent
- confront and cross-examine wits

Question 3

In re Winship

Answer 3

12 yo accused of stealing $112 from purse, convicted by preponderance of evidence

SCOTUS set standard of evidence for juvs at BRD

Question 4

McKeiver v Pennsylvaia

Answer 4

SCOTUS said juvs don’t have a constitutional right to a jury trial but states can allow it if they choose

Question 5

Breed v Jones

Answer 5

SCOTUS applied 5th amendment clause re: double jeopardy and said juvenile can’t be adjudicated in juvenile court AND tried in adult court
- juvenile court proceedings = trials

Question 6

Schall v Martin

Answer 6

SCOTUS upheld NY statute that allowed for pretrial detention of juvs if they are at serious risk of re-arrest if released
- don’t need PC

Question 7

Thompson v Oklahoma

Answer 7

15 and younger can’t be executed

Question 8

GJI v State 778

Answer 8

OK court of appeals ruled that their competency statute was NOT applicable to juvenile proceedings
- not necessary for juvs to understand their case since the system was supposed to be focused on tx and not punishment

Question 9

Roper v Simmons

Answer 9

SCOTUS - no DP for juvs who committed offenses before age 18

Question 10

Graham v Florida

Answer 10

SCOTUS - mandatory LWOP for juvs who commit NON-murder offenses is unconstitutional

Question 11

Miller v Alabama

Answer 11

SCOTUS - mandatory LWOP for juvs who commit murder is unconstitutional