Mini Test 4 Flashcards
Polytheistic
-Multiple divine beings
-Ethnic religions like Hinduism: Deities
Monotheistic
-One divine being
-Universalizing religions like Islam
Universalizing Religions (4)
-Seek to appeal to all people
-Worldwide in scope
-Expanding and seek converts through missionaries
-Strong connection to a founder
Ethnic Religions (6)
-Appeal to smaller groups of people
-Born into it
-Limited in scope
-More connection to the geography of a place
-Limited expansion because of universalizing religions
-Doesn’t seek converts
Branch (3)
-Fundamental division of a universalizing religion
-Roman Catholicism branch of Christianity
-Largest
Denomination (3)
-Further breakdown from branch
-Protestantism: Baptist
-Second largest
Congregation
-Small local administrative unit of a denomination meant to bring people together to worship
-Methodist Church
-Third Largest
Sect
-A group that breaks away from an established congregation
-Smallest
Christianity Holy Text
Bible
Three Branches of Christianity
-Roman Catholicism: Eastern Europe, recognize authority of the pope
-Protestant: Northern Europe, Martin Luther
-Eastern Orthodox: Western Europe
Diffusion of Christianity (6)
-The word of God was spread through Paul who had a vision where God revealed himself to Paul
-Paul spread through missionary work
-Built churches
-Developed Bible
-Spread by word of mouth
-Movement of people
Largest world religion
Christianity but loosing followers with younger population at fast rate
Fastest growing religion and second largest religion
Islam. Indonesia has largest population of Muslims
Islam Holy Text
Quran
The Five Pillars (Islam)
-Fasting during Ramadan
-Prayer towards Mecca 5 times a day
-Hajj
-Charity to others
-Profession of faith
Two Branches of Islam
-Sunni majority
-Shia, Shiites
-Split came from disagreement over where the successor of Muhammad should come from (in family or outward)
Muhammad
Born in Mecca, word of God (Allah) was delivered to him through the angel Gabriel
Muslims in the U.S.
-Muslims believe in American dream
-Most Muslims are proud to be Muslim and American
-Muslims are portrayed poorly in the media
Founder of Buddhism
-Siddhartha Guama, Buddha
-Became more aware of suffering
-Wanted to find ways for all people to escape suffering
Buddhism (3)
-The Four Noble Truths
-Mostly in Asia
-Meditation, and self-discipline gets you to state of nirvana
Holy book of Buddhism
Tripitaka
Potala Palace
-Place of worship for Tibetan Buddhists
-People travel long distances to worship there
-Split into administrative and worship areas
Branches of Buddhism
-Mahayana: Most prevalent
-Vajrayana: least prevalent, Mongolia, Nepal, Bhutan, Northern China
-Theravada: localized to parts of Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka
Hinduism (4)
-Third largest religion in the world
-97% of Hindus live in India
-Multiple Gods, many paths to spirituality
-After one dies, soul is reincarnated determined by karma and how previous life was lived
Ganges River
-Used for Hindu rituals
-Ashes put into river
-Very polluted and very sacred
Caste System (3)
-Hinduism, hereditary, hierarchical
-Dictates friends, marriage, where you live, etc.
-Brahmins (priests) at top, untouchables (work no one wants to do) at bottom
Cultural Hearth of Christianity
Israel
Cultural Hearth of Islam
Saudi Arabia, birthplace of Muhammad
Cultural Hearth of Buddhism
Nepal and Southern China, more localized
Leaving Organized Religion
-Percent of people practicing organized religion is declining especially among millennials.
-People have lost trust in organized religion and feel like it’s not relevant to them
Places of worship for Universalizing Religions
Tied to a founder and worship takes place in a building such as a church
Places of worship for Ethnic Religions
Use the physical environment as places of worship like mountains, and rivers. Own prayer and worship at home.
Religious Organization of Space (4)
-Cultural Landscape (statues, churches, stores, restaurants)
-Architecture
-Movement across space
-Holy places, sacred spaces
Secular Religion (4)
-don’t believe in something larger than yourself
-Topophilia: Ones impassioned feeling for a place, deep connection to a place
-Creates sense of nationalism
-Shadowed Ground: Book by Kenneth Foote that dives into why we commemorate some massacres in some places but not others.
