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World Cultural Geography > Mini Test 1 > Flashcards

Mini Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Absolute Location

A

Description of the position of a place in a way that never changes, such as geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude.

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2
Q

Acculturation

A

The process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups, each of which retains distinct cultural features.

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3
Q

Assimilation

A

The process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group.

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4
Q

Place

A

A specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic.

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5
Q

Region

A

An area distinguished by one or more distinctive characteristics

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6
Q

Scale

A

The relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.

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7
Q

Space

A

The physical gap or interval between two objects.

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8
Q

Connection

A

The relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.

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9
Q

Map

A

A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth’s surface or a portion of it.

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10
Q

Cartography

A

the science of making maps

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11
Q

Geographic information science

A

Analysis of data about Earth acquired through satellite and other electronic information technologies.

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12
Q

remote sensing

A

The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods.

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13
Q

Global Positions System

A

A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.

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14
Q

Geotagging

A

Identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates.

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15
Q

Volunteered geographic information

A

Creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals.

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16
Q

citizen science

A

scientific research by amateur science

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17
Q

participatory GIS

A

Community-based mapping, representing local knowledge and information.

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18
Q

Eratosthenses

A

Inventor of word geography

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19
Q

Meridian

A

an arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles

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20
Q

Longitude

A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian
0
°
.

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21
Q

Parallel

A

A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.

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22
Q

Latitude

A

The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator
0
°
.

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23
Q

Coordinated Universal Time

A

Informally Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or
0
°
longitude.

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24
Q

prime merdian

A

The meridian, designated as
0
°
longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.

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25
Q

international date line

A

An arc that for the most part follows
180
°
longitude. When the International Date Line is crossed heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When it is crossed heading west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day

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26
Q

graduated symbol map

A

A map that displays symbols that change in size according to the value of the variable.

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26
Q

choropleth map

A

A map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the variable.

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27
Q

isoline map

A

A map that connects places of a particular value by lines.

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28
Q

dot distribution map

A

A map that depicts data that consists of discrete observations. Each dot represents a predetermined number of observations, which could be one or many.

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29
Q

cartogram

A

A map in which the size of an area is proportional to the value of the variable.

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30
Q

Location

A

The position of anything on Earth’s surface.

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31
Q

Projection

A

A system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map.

32
Q

Toponym

A

The name given to a portion of Earth’s surface

33
Q

Site

A

The physical character of a place.

34
Q

Situation or relative location

A

The location of a place relative to another place

35
Q

absolute location

A

Description of the position of a place in a way that never changes, such as geographic coordinates of latitude and longitude.

36
Q

cultural landscape

A

An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.

37
Q

formal region, uniform region

A

An area in which everyone shares in at least one distinctive characteristic

38
Q

functional region, nodal region

A

An area organized around a node or focal point.

39
Q

vernacular region, perceptual region

A

An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

40
Q

mental map

A

A representation of a portion of Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place that contains personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located.

41
Q

culture

A

The body of material possessions, customary beliefs, and social norms that together constitutes the distinct tradition of a group of people.

42
Q

Post-structuralist geography

A

Geographic approach that examines how the powerful in a society dominate, or seek to control, less powerful groups, how the dominated groups occupy space, and confrontations that result from the domination.

43
Q

Assimilation

A

The process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group.

44
Q

Acculturation

A

The process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups, each of which retains distinct cultural features.

45
Q

Syncretism

A

The combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature.

46
Q

Distribution

A

The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface.

47
Q

Density

A

The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area

48
Q

Concentration

A

The extent of a feature’s spread over a given area

49
Q

Pattern

A

The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a particular area.

50
Q

Transnational corporation

A

A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.

51
Q

Uneven development

A

The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy

52
Q

social construction

A

An idea or a meaning that is widely accepted as natural by a society but may not represent a reality shared by those outside the society.

53
Q

humanistic geography

A

An approach to human geography that emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings.

54
Q

behavioral geography

A

An approach to human geography that emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for individual human actions in space

55
Q

Diffusion

A

The process by which a feature spreads from one place to another over time

56
Q

hearth

A

A place from which an innovation originates

57
Q

relocation diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend through physical movement of people from one place to another

58
Q

expansion diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process.

59
Q

hierarchal diffusion

A

The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.

60
Q

contagious diffusion

A

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.

61
Q

stimulus diffusion

A

The spread of an underlying principle.

62
Q

distance decay

A

The diminished importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

63
Q

network

A

A chain of communication that connects places.

64
Q

spatial association

A

The relationship between the distribution of one feature and the distribution of another feature.

65
Q

atmosphere

A

The thin layer of gases surrounding Earth.

66
Q

climate

A

The long-term average weather condition at a particular location

67
Q

hydrosphere

A

All of the water on and near Earth’s surface.

68
Q

lithosphere

A

Earth’s crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust.

69
Q

biosphere

A

All living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms.

70
Q

ecosystem

A

A group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact.

71
Q

ecology

A

The scientific study of ecosystems.

72
Q

sustainability

A

The use of Earth’s renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future

73
Q

conservation

A

The sustainable management of a natural resource to meet human needs.

74
Q

3 pillars of sustainabilty

A

social, environment, economic

75
Q

polder

A

Land that is created by draining water from an area.

76
Q

cultural ecology

A

A geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships.

77
Q

environmental determinism

A

A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities.

78
Q

possibilism

A

The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.

World Cultural Geography (5 decks)

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