Mini Test 3 Flashcards
Spatial analysis emphasizes by
description (what, where, and when) and explanation (how and why)
Map interpretation (3 steps)
1.) description of the map pattern (what/where)
2.) explanation of the map pattern (why/how)
3.) critical analysis of the map and data sets (how did it come about, what will happen in the future, what are limitations/problems associated with this data)
Culture
specialized behavior patterns, understandings, and adaptations that summarize the way of life of a group of people
Material Culture
Physical objects unique to a specific group of people. Clothing, art, flags, social media, etc.
Nonmaterial culture
Attitudes, beliefs of culture. Includes taking off shoes to enter a mosque for Islams and preparing food in a certain way (Halal)
Material and nonmaterial culture go hand in hand
Clothing
material: can be worn
nonmaterial: belief of appropriateness considering the context
Folk Culture
Traditional items and practices in small, isolated, homogeneous groups in rural areas. Varies more across space than time.
Popular Culture
Large, heterogeneous groups of people who share common possessions and habits despite differences in other characteristics. More developed countries with people who can afford things. More widespread. Varies more across time than space.
Culture region
place where culture traits are dominant. Latin America
Culture traits
smallest identifiers of a culture. Spanish in Latin America
Folk culture hearth areas
rural, isolated, unknown, can’t be sourced. promotes uniqueness
Popular culture hearth areas
more developed countries, urban areas, source can be traced to person, time, and place.
Diffusion of folk culture
slow on small scale
Folk Culture Landscapes
heavily rely on things in their physical environment to showcase differences. Rural and agricultural. Example- Clogs in Switzerland for wet and muddy ground
Popular Culture Landscape
Food such as avocado toast
Clothing that reflects occupation, economy and style
Consumption: Standardization of Food
In the U.S. you are never too far from a Mcdonalds and it would taste the same no matter where in the country you are.
Innovation
Creation of new ideas like technology which creates change
Hearth
origin of a particular culture. Finding the origin can help identify how a culture spreads outside of the hearth.
Cultural Lag
A culture that may be unresponsive to changes around them. Example - Amish population are selective in what technology they use. Popular culture has cell phones but they don’t use them.
Acculturation
More dominant culture comes in contact with a less dominant culture and absorbs the less dominant culture. Characteristics of the more dominant culture are adopted by the less dominant culture.
The Lost Boys of Sudan
Confused about process food. Diversity, quality, preparedness.
Sense of community
Electricity
Expansion Diffusion
When a cultural trait or idea spreads from one location to another without the movement of people themselves. Hearth outward
Contagious Diffusion
Expansion diffusion. Once it has spread, it is hard to stop or limit it. Potential to grow at a rapid rate. Covid
Hierarchical Diffusion
Expansion diffusion. Spread of a cultural trait from a dominant area to less significant area. Trickle down effect. Important decisions are made by higher ups in government and are spread to general population in lower ranks.
Relocation Diffusion
Need people to move to occur. Group or person moves from hearth of cultural trait to outside of the hearth. Religion, missionaries.
Spatial diffusion of music example
relocation to expose new populations
Innovation of music example
a new music style, sound, instrument, etc.
Spatial variation in music example
strong preferences for different genre’s depending on where you are located
evolution of music style with place example
without the place of origin some genre’s would not be what they are today. Bluegrass
Bill Monroe
Father of Bluegrass
Bluegrass Unique Features
-string instruments (banjo, mandelin, fiddle, stand up string bass, flat top guitar)
-fast/high pitched sounds, non-electric
-this sound was not popular before bluegrass
Bluegrass physical geography
-Bill Monro began making bluegrass music in KY
-Strong relation to place/place consciousness
-Reference things like mountains and other physical geography in lyrics and names
Bluegrass Cultural Hearth
-Appalachia
-Bluegrass offshoot of country music
Bluegrass Diffusion
-primarily through outdoor music festivals
-how bluegrass found its way to other parts of the country
-jam sessions at festivals attracted people
The Blues
-During Atlantic slave trade slaves brought over from Africa their culture to music. Relocation diffusion
-Brought to American south and blended with cajun/creole music and local Irish folk music
The Blues Cultural Hearth
-Mississippi Delta (fertile cotton growing region)
Precursor to the Blues (3)
-The Holler
-What slaves would sing to themselves while picking cotton
-Explains melancholy feelings and oppression associated with authentic blues
Diffusion of Blues (3)
-Spread through local lounges and shacks similar to divebars
-Hearth in MS and spread outward to states like TN, LA, and AK
-Spread along communication routes like the Mississippi River because slaves followed these routes to freedom in the north
Classic Blues
Mississippi Delta, melancholy, authentic, more accessible
Urban Blues
Piano, Chicago, played in more fancy settings, less accessible, associated with more wealthy
R & B
morphed from Urban Blues
Rock and Roll Cultural Hearth
Cleveland
DJ Allen realized people were listening to “Race Record” so he began playing them on his radio station
Reactions to the spread of Rock and Roll
-worried teenage mothers: Elvis swaying hips/dancing
-some radio stations banned it
-schools banned dances associated with Rock and Roll
Southern vs Northern Rock and Roll
-Northern: Authentic, tied to Cleveland
-Southern: Disney like, cleaner rep. Dick Clark’s American Bandstand: white people rock and roll in Philly
British Invasion for R & B
-R & B music produced by black artists like Muddy Waters did not have widespread appeal until white British groups like Rolling Stones covered the,
Jazz Music Hearth
-New Orleans
-Mixed with local creole music
Jazz Music Diffusion
-Reverse Hierarchical diffusion
-New Orleans to Chicago
-Diffused this way because it was during a time when Blacks were moving away from New Orleans, there were closer connections between the south and the midwest rather than the south and the north because of communication corridors like the MS river, and Chicago was seen as more racially tolerant
Place Lyricism-Identity and Symbolism
-Toponyms
-Politics
-Representation of Place
