mini-quiz G Flashcards
What is the final electron acceptor in oxidative phosphorylation in animals ?
Oxygen
Oxygen plays a critical role in cellular respiration by accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.
What two processes are combined in oxidative phosphorylation?
Electron transport chain & ATP syntase
This combination is essential for the production of ATP in aerobic respiration.
What is the starting molecule for glycolysis?
Glucose
Glycolysis is the first step in the breakdown of glucose to extract energy.
What is produced from glyceraldehyde 3-P during glycolysis?
Pyruvate
Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and can be further utilized in aerobic or anaerobic pathways.
What is the molecule that links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle?
Acetyl CoA
Acetyl CoA is formed from pyruvate and enters the citric acid cycle for further energy production.
What is the main function of the citric acid cycle?
To generate electron carriers
The citric acid cycle produces NADH and FADH2, which are essential for the electron transport chain.
Fill in the blank: The building blocks of proteins are _______.
Amino acids
Amino acids are the fundamental units that make up proteins.
What are the primary components of carbohydrates?
Sugars
Carbohydrates are organic compounds made primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with sugars being the simplest form.
What are the primary components of fats?
Glycerol & Fatty acids
Fats are made up of glycerol and fatty acid chains, which are important for energy storage.
2 Things Pyruvate Can Be Converted into in Anaerobic Respiration
Lactate and Ethanol
Autotrophs
Self-feeders
Heterotrophs
Other feeders
2 Types of Autotrophs
Phototrophs and Chemoautotrophs
2 Types of Heterotrophs
Consumers and Deconposers
3 Main Components of Leaf Anatomy
Epidermal cells (outer), Mesophyll cells (middle), and Stomata (bottom, openings on leaf bottom)
Which cells in a leaf contain chloroplasts?
Mesophyll cells
What is the wavelength of visible light on the electromagnetic spectrum?
380 nm - 750 nm
True or false: larger wavelengths have greater energy in the electromagnetic spectrum.
False. Smaller wavelengths have more energy.
Which visible wavelengths on the electromagnetic spectrum are most commonly used for energy?
The 400-500 nm and the 600-700 nm wavelengths are most commonly used for energy.
2 types of pigment molecules
Chlorophylls (greens) and Carotenoids (reds, oranges, & yellows)
What are photosystems (PS)?
PS are complexes of pigments and proteins.
What are light harvesting complexes (LHC)?
LHC are 200-400 pigment molecules and a couple proteins. They are also known as “antenna complexes”.
What are reaction center complexes (RCC)?
RCC are primarily comprised of proteins. However, they also contain two special chlorophyll molecules that absorb energy. This increase in energy causes the electron to become “super excited”.
2 Slightly Different Photosystems…
Photosystem I and Photosystem II
