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Biology141 > mini quiz D > Flashcards

mini quiz D Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 classes of lipids?

A

Fatty acids, fats, phospholipids, and steroids

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2
Q

2 main components of a phospholipid

A

Polar head group and nonpolar tails

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3
Q

Saturated fatty acids: tightly or loosely packed?

A

Tightly packed (due to no double bonds on carbon chain)

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4
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids: tightly of loosely packed?

A

Loosely packed (double carbon bonds make tightly packing almost impossible)

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5
Q

What is a phospholipid bilayer?

A

A chain of phospholipids that have their nonpolar tails facing inwards and their polar head groups facing outwards.

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6
Q

What kind of structure do steroids have?

A

A 4-ringed structure

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7
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed (it can only change forms)

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8
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

Energy transformations are not 100% efficient (some energy will be “lost” in our small isolated system)

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9
Q

Substrate

A

Molecule A ->

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10
Q

Product

A

-> Molecule B

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11
Q

Exergonic (exothermic) reactions

A

Energy is released in the reaction (usually as heat hence exothermic)

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12
Q

Endergonic (endothermic) reactions

A

Energy is gained during the reaction (hence endothermic)

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13
Q

What are enzymes

A

Biological catalysts that speed up the reaction time between substrates and products

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14
Q

Active site

A

Location of chemical reaction

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15
Q

True or false: enzymes are larger than the substrates and products in a reaction

A

True

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16
Q

True or false: all chemical bonds do not contain energy (they just exist)

A

False

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17
Q

Allosteric sites def

A

Other sites on an enzyme where activators and inhibitors can bind

18
Q

What is feedback inhibition

A

A cellular process that regulates the amount of product in a cell by inhibiting the enzyme that produces it.

19
Q

Little baby in sperm (Antoine van Leeuwenhoek)

A

Homunculus

20
Q

Cellulae (in Latin)

A

Dorm cells

21
Q

3 components of cell theory

A
  1. All organisms are composed of cells
  2. Cells are the smallest living entities
  3. Cells are the fundamental units of life
22
Q

True or false: prokaryotes have a nucleus

A

False

23
Q

True or false: eukaryotes have a nucleus

A

True

24
Q

Why are cells so small?

A

Cells are so small because their smaller size allows them to pack more tightly together, enhancing and increasing surface area. This increase in surface area in turn allows for faster/better input and output of materials.

25
Q

5 Different Cell Shapes

A
  1. Squamous
  2. Columnar
  3. Cuboidal
  4. Cylindrical
  5. Spherical
26
Q

Squamous cell shape

A

Flat (increases protection and diffusion)

27
Q

Columnar cell shape

A

Rectangular columns (improves controlled transport)

28
Q

Cuboidal cell shape

A

Cube (helps with secretion)

29
Q

Cylindrical cell shape

A

Round columns (useful for construction)

30
Q

Spherical cell shape

A

Sphere (useful for storage)

31
Q

True or false: these are the accurate percentages of molecular components
1. Water (80%)
2. Protein (10%)
3. Lipid (8%)
4. Carbohydrates (1%)
5. Nucleic acids (1%)

A

False. Proteins comprise 15% of molecular components and lipids comprise 3% of molecular components.

32
Q

Eukaryotic cellular membranes are comprised of what 3 components?

A

Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates

33
Q

Transmembrane/Integral Proteins do what in phospholipid membranes?

A

Pass all the way through the membrane (single-pass or multi-pass)

34
Q

Peripheral proteins do what in phospholipid membranes?

A

They do not pass all the way through the phospholipid layer.

35
Q

3 types of passive movement

A

Simple diffusion, channel-mediated diffusion, and carrier-mediated diffusion

36
Q

Osmosis

A

Water moves from [high] -> [low]

37
Q

Solution

A

Homogenous mixture of two or more substances

38
Q

Solute

A

One of the substances that is dissolved in the other, SOLVENT

39
Q

Semi-permeable membrane

A

Solvent can pass through but not the solutes

40
Q

Isosmotic (Isotonic)

A

Concentration of water and solutes is same in both sides.

41
Q

Hyposmotic (hypotonic)

A

Side on which the solute concentration is lower

42
Q

Hyperosmotic (hypertonic)

A

Side on which the solute concentration is higher

Biology141 (9 decks)

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