Mini-quiz B Flashcards
Charged atoms
Ions
Positively charged atoms
Cations
Negatively charged atoms
Anions
Strength of ionic bonds
Strong
Strength of covalent bonds
Strong
Strength of hydrogen bonds
Weak
Strength of Van der Waals Forces
Very weak
Organic chemistry studies…
Carbon-based molecules
Most common type of atoms in polar covalent bonds
O, N, P, and S
Most common type of atoms in nonpolar covalent bonds
C and H
Polar covalent hydrophilic vs hydrophobic
Hydrophilic
Nonpolar covalent hydrophilic vs hydrophobic
Hydrophobic
Special properties of water
Biological solvent (polar dissolve; nonpolar do not), heat (high specific heat capacity), cohesion & adhesion, and density (density lower when solid)
What does pH stand for?
Power of hydrogen
Which is higher in an acid: hydrogen ions or hydroxyl ions?
Hydrogen ions
Which is higher in a base: hydrogen ions or hydroxyl ions?
Hydroxyl ions
3 things that are pH dependant
Chemical bonds, molecule shape/structure, and biochemical reactions
Buffer
Substance that helps maintain a fairly constant pH
11 elements that make up almost ALL biological molecules:
C, H, N, O, P, S, Ca, K, Na, Cl, Mg
Letter “R” signifies what…
Part of a molecule that can vary/change or part of molecule that we currently aren’t interested in.
4 types of hydrocarbon structures
Straight chain, branched chain, double bonds between C chains, and ring structures
What are isomers?
Different compounds with same atoms although arranged differently.
