Mini Chemistry Unit Flashcards
Where are lipids found
Animal products
What are lipids
Lipids are a large group of molecules that are not soluble in water
Lipids functions (MINE)
Lipids are for long term energy storage
Provides thermal insulation on animals bodies
Play structural roles in cell membranes
Important in nerves
What do most lipids have in them
Glycerol and fatty acids
Why are there no monomers or polymers for lipids
They’re too unlike
Saturated fatty acids
They have as many hydrogen atoms as possible (as they can hold) (there are no “free” Carbons
Usually solid at room temperature (body has harder time breaking down)
They’re the straight ones
Unsaturated fatty acids
If there are any double bonds (curved/not straight)
Liquid at room temp
The common categories of lipids are
Fats, oils; and waxes
Steroids
Phospholipids
Steroids
Cholesterol, testosterone, estrogen
What is functions of steroids
Communication within body for reproduction and metabolism
Phospholipids do what
Help to make up the cell membrane
The model of phospholipid
Phosphate head is hydrophilic -> polar water loving
Two fatty acid tails; they’re hydrophobic (non polar)
Proteins functions (MESSD)
Structure, build our bodies muscles and hair
Movement: muscles
Defense: fight anti-bodies
Speeds up reactions in our bodies (enzymes)
Moves substances in and out of cells
the atoms in Proteins are..
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur (and others)
What are the building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
How many amino acids
There are 20 types of amino acids
Amino acid build
Carbon in middle, single bond to hydrogen on top; single bond to R on bottom
To right is carbon with double bonds to O (on top) and OH (on bottom
To left is H2N
What’s different in amino acids
The bottom/side chain which is R (chemistry variable)
The R group gives the properties to the amino acids
Amino acid bonds
Amino acids are joined together by covalent bonds called peptide bond
How does the organization of amino acids change
First step is random; then they’re on one straight chain called polypeptide then it combines with other and snakes around to make protein
