Mini-Board 2013 Flashcards
Which of the following is directly involved in the activation of procaspase 9?
a. SMAC/DIABLO
b. Cytochrome c
c. Caspase 8
d. Caspase 3
e. BCL-‐‐XL
B; N Engl J Med 361:1575, 2009
Which of the following is a sensitive and specific biomarker of endothelial cell activation?
a. MadCAM-‐‐1
b. E-‐‐selectin
c. ADMA
d. vWFpp
e. vWF
B; Toxicol Pathol 38:856-‐‐871, 2010
Which of the following inhibits platelet aggregation?
a. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-‐‐1
b. Thrombospondin
c. Calcium
d. ADP
e. ATP
E; PBVD:70
Activated MASP-‐‐2 catalyzes the formation of ___.
a. C4b2b
b. C3bBb
c. C3bBb3b
d. C4b2b3b
e. Activated C1
A; PBVD: 104-‐‐106
Macrophage deactivation is elicited by all of the following except ___.
a. IL-‐‐10
b. CD47
c. IFN-‐‐α
d. TREM
e. GM-‐‐CSF
D; PBVD:129, table 3-‐‐9
All are functions of TGFβ1 except ___.
a. Increase expression of Cip/Kip and INK4/ARF in epithelia
b. Stimulate IgA production in gut mucosa
c. Inhibit endothelial cell proliferation
d. Upregulate MMP expression
e. Promote apoptosis
D; Vet Pathol 47(1):77-‐‐97, 2010
Which of the following buds through the nuclear membrane?
a. Herpesvirus
b. Coronavirus
c. Bunyavirus
d. Arterivirus
e. Flavivirus
A; PBVD:200
All of the following types of dendritic cells are antigen-‐‐presenting cells EXCEPT ___.
a. Follicular
b. Interstitial
c. Langerhan’s
d. Interdigitating
e. Circulating/veiled
A; PBVD:252
Von Hippel-‐‐Lindau is a tumor suppressor necessary for the ubiquitin degradation of ___.
a. P300BP
b. HREs
c. PHDs
d. HIF
e. FIH
D; PBVD:137-‐‐139 and web fig. 3-‐‐22
A chromosomal rearrangement that results from two strand breaks within one arm of a chromosome, with reincorporation of the excised segment is ___.
a. Balanced reciprocal translocation
b. Robertsonian translocation
c. Paracentric inversion
d. Pericentric inversion
e. Interstitial deletion
C; R&C: 160
Phase II biotransformation is ___.
a. Synthetic
b. Oxidative
c. Reductive
d. Hydrolytic
e. Degradative
A; Haschek: Fundamentals of Tox Path, page 3
Which of the following tissues requires insulin for glucose uptake?
a. Neurons
b. Enterocytes
c. Erythrocytes
d. Hepatocytes
e. Pancreatic beta cells
D; D&P:315-‐‐316
Copper-‐‐zinc superoxide dismutase is found in ___.
a. Cytosol
b. Lysosomes
c. Peroxisomes
d. Mitochondria
e. Endoplasmic reticulum
A; R&C:21
Which of the following crosses the normal endothelial cell layer via paracellular passage?
a. Low-‐‐density lipoproteins
b. Metalloproteinases
c. Potassium ions
d. Albumin
e. Insulin
C; PBVD:95
Under the influence of thrombomodulin, thrombin ___.
a. Inactivates factors IIa, IXa, Xa, XIa, and XIIa
b. Inactivates factors Va and VIIIa
c. Activates antithrombin III
d. Activates protein S
e. Activates protein C
E; PBVD: 75
Which of the following events in the leukocyte emigration cascade involves mostly homophilic interaction between adhesion molecules?
a. Rolling
b. Capture
c. Diapedesis
d. Locomotion
e. Tight adhesion
E; Vet Pathol 2013;50(1):9
Which of the following cell types in the pancreatic islet produces islet associated polypeptide?
a. α cells
b. β cells
c. δ cells
d. F-‐‐cells
e. Enterochromaffin cells
B; PBVD:690
Which of the following is inhibitory for epithelial cell differentiation?
a. TTF-‐‐1
b. NFκB
c. HFH-‐‐4
d. HNF-‐‐β
e. GATA-‐‐6
B; PBVD Web Figure 3-‐‐30
Which of the following cell types found in healthy intestinal mucosa is responsible for uptake and transport of antigens across the mucosa for presentation to the gut associated lymphoid tissue?
a. Neuroendocrine cell
b. Enterocyte
c. Paneth cell
d. Goblet cell
e. M cell
E; PBVD:747
Preformed anti-‐‐donor antibodies present in the recipient circulation contribute to which form of graft rejection?
a. Direct pathway
b. Indirect pathway
c. Hyperacute rejection
d. Acute rejection vasculitis
e. Graft versus host disease
C; R&C:226-‐‐230
Which of the following cell types is responsible for the majority of regeneration of the functional hepatic mass following liver injury?
a. Preexisting hepatocytes
b. Kupffer cells
c. Stellate cells
d. Oval cells
e. Ito cells
A; PBVD:414-‐‐415
In which of the following cell types is telomerase activity highest?
a. Corneal limbus epithelium
b. Hair follicle bulge cells
c. Testicular germ cells
d. Intestinal crypt cells
e. Hepatic oval cells
C; R&C:40, 83
Alkylating carcinogens:
a. Form covalent adducts
b. Form addition products
c. Include ethylnitrosurea
d. Substitute for exocyclic amino groups
e. Have an electrophile as the reactive form
D; Haschek: Fundamentals of Tox Path, page 31
Activation of _________ is required for sealing zone formation and complete maturation of osteoclasts.
a. Osteoprotegerin
b. αVβ3 integrin
c. RANK-‐‐L
d. M-‐‐CSF
e. RANK
B; Histology and Cell Biology:545
Which of the following promotes apoptosis following DNA damage?
a. SMAC/DIABLO
b. PUMA
c. NOXA
d. BMF
e. BIM
B; N Engl J Med 361:1572, 2009
Capillaries in which of the following organs have discontinuous basal laminae?
a. Pulmonary alveoli
b. Choroid plexus
c. Intestinal villi
d. Ciliary body
e. Spleen
E; Histology and Cell Biology:359
Coagulation factor IV is also commonly referred to as:
a. Antihemophilic factor B
b. Proconvertin
c. Stuart factor
d. Proaccelerin
e. Calcium
E; D&P:126
Which of the following events in the leukocyte emigration cascade is irreversible?
a. Rolling
b. Activation
c. Diapedesis
d. Locomotion
e. Tight adhesion
C; Vet Pathol 2013;50(1):9
Exposure of naïve CD4+ T lymphocytes to IL-‐‐12 and IFN-‐‐γ results in the expression of which transcription factor?
a. GATA-‐‐3
b. Ror-‐‐γt
c. FoxP3
d. c-‐‐Maf
e. T-‐‐bet
E; PBVD:248
Which of the following is the primary ligand for the tyrosine kinase receptor c-‐‐kit?
a. Insulin
b. Stem cell factor (SCF)
c. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
d. Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)
e. Transforming growth factor α (TGF-‐‐α)
B; R&C:90, Histology and Cell Biology:193
Which of the following is the mechanism of action of the lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis?
a. Activation of phosopholipase C
b. Binding of Ca and calmodulin
c. Destruction of MAPK kinases
d. Binding to host E-‐‐cadherin
e. Inhibition of EF-‐‐2 function
C; R&C:362
Which of the following T cell subtypes is most numerous in the subcapsular cortex region of the thymus?
a. CD4+/CD8+/TCR+
b. CD4-‐‐/CD8+/TCR+
c. CD4+/CD8-‐‐/TCR-‐‐
d. CD4-‐‐/CD8-‐‐/TCR+
e. CD4-‐‐/CD8-‐‐/TCR-‐‐
E; Histology and Cell Biology:298
Which of the following is the only matrix metalloproteinase produced by adipose tissue which directly affects cancer progression?
a. MMP-‐‐2
b. MMP-‐‐9
c. MMP-‐‐11
d. MMP-‐‐12
e. MMP-‐‐13
C; Cell 141(1):52-‐‐67
In dogs, ___ is an autosomal recessively-‐‐inherited disorder of the innate immune response linked to deficient NADPH concentrations.
a. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
b. Granulocytopathy syndrome
c. Chediak Higashi syndrome
d. Agammaglobulinemia
e. Cyclic hematopoiesis
B; PBVD:156
Autophagy can be pharmacologically inhibited by inhibiting ___.
a. Bcl-‐‐2
b. Bcl-‐‐XL
c. mTOR
d. Lithium
e. Beclin-‐‐1
E; Cell 132:28, 2008
Which of the following causes edema through increased vascular permeability?
a. Canine gastric dilation and volvulus
b. Feline aortic thromboembolism
c. Equine epizootic lymphangitis
d. Equine purpura hemorrhagica
e. Ovine trichostrongylosis
D; PBVD:66
Which of the following complement regulatory proteins prevents formation of the membrane attack complex?
a. CR1
b. CRIg
c. DAF
d. CD59
e. Factor H
D; Lab Invest 2011;91:4-‐‐11
Upon maturation, dendritic cells express ___, which allows them to home to lymphocytes expressing ___ in HEVs in the paracortical areas of lymph nodes.
a. CCR1; CCL3
b. CCR2; CCL7
c. CCR5; CCL4
d. CCR6; CCL20
e. CCR7; CCL19
E; PBVD:131
All of the following growth factors signal through receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity except ___.
a. VEGF-‐‐A
b. IGF-‐‐1
c. FGF7
d. TGFα
e. BMP
E; Vet Pathol 2010;47:77-‐‐97
Double-‐‐stranded RNA is the PAMP for which Toll-‐‐like receptor?
a. TLR2
b. TLR3
c. TLR4
d. TLR7
e. TLR9
B; PBVD Web Figure 3-‐‐9
Lysophosphatidylcholine is a substrate for the synthesis of ___.
a. PAF
b. LTA4
c. TXA2
d. LXA4
e. 5-‐‐HETE
A; PBVD:107
All of the following induce VEGF expression except ___.
a. Hypoxia
b. PDGF
c. TGFβ
d. TGFα
e. Dll4
E; R&C:100
The tumor suppressor PTEN functions to degrade PIP3, thus negatively regulating signaling through the ___ pathway.
a. IP3
b. cAMP
c. JAK/STAT
d. PI3 kinase
e. MAP kinase
D; R&C: 294
Which is FALSE concerning maternal genomic imprinting?
a. Is a type of epigenetic modification
b. Results in silencing of paternal allele
c. Occurs in ovum or sperm before fertilization
d. Is transmitted to all somatic cells via mitosis
e. Is the genetic basis of Angelman Syndrome
B; R&C: 171-‐‐172
Which step in collagen synthesis occurs in the Golgi apparatus?
a. Helix formation
b. Hydroxylation
c. Glycosylation
d. Cross-‐‐linking
e. Translation
A; PBVD, web fig. 3-‐‐26
All of the following glycosaminoglycans are proteoglycans except ___.
a. Chondroitin sulfate
b. Dermatan sulfate
c. Heparan sulfate
d. Hyaluronate
e. Heparin
D; PBVD:141
p53 mediates the transcription of which of the following DNA repair enzymes?
a. DNA ligase IV
b. GADD45
c. XRCC4
d. RAD18
e. RAD6
B; R&C:291
Loss of miRNA whose target is ___ is likely to be cancer promoting.
a. Neurofibromin-‐‐1
b. Ras GTPase
c. TSC1/TSC2
d. Merlin
e. RAF
E; R&C:307-‐‐308
All of the following are procarcinogens that require metabolic activation except ___.
a. 2-‐‐Acetylaminofluorene
b. 3-‐‐Methylcholantrene
c. 1-‐‐Acetyl-‐‐imidazole
d. 2-‐‐Naphthylamine
e. Aflatoxin B1
C; R&C:309
Hyperphosphorylation of RB results in ___.
a. Translocation of β-‐‐catenin to the nucleus
b. Recruitment of histone deacetylase
c. Activation of cyclin D
d. Stimulation of p16
e. Release of E2F
E; R&C:289
