Minerals (Exam 2)

Question 1

major mineral mg a day

Answer 1

> 100

Question 2

are minerals inorganic or organic

Answer 2

inorganic mirconutrients

Question 3

trace mineral mg a day

Answer 3

1-100

Question 4

ultratrace minerals a day

Answer 4

<1

Question 5

what are minerals stable in

Answer 5

heat, acid, ocygen, uv light

Question 6

Minerals 4 main functions

Answer 6

bone forming/strengthening
electrolytes/fluid balance
components of organic compounds
other, like enzyme factors immunity, etc

Question 7

minerals associated with

Answer 7

calcium
phosphorus
magnesium
fluoride

Question 8

minerals associated with electolytes./fluid balance

Answer 8

sodium
chloride
potassium
calcium

Question 9

minerals associated with being and organic compound component

Answer 9

sulfur

Question 10

other minerals doing stuff like enzyme cofactors or immunity

Answer 10

iron, p, zinc, chromium, copper, manganese, selenium

Question 11

what most abundant mineral

Answer 11

calcium

Question 12

where is calcium stored

Answer 12

99 % in bones
1 % in body fluids

Question 13

roles of calcium

Answer 13

bone nutrition
numerous functions in blood like
clot formation
muscle contraction
membrane permeability
neurotransmitters

Question 14

Functions of phosphorus

Answer 14

bone and tooth formation
component of energy compounds
cell membranes
acid base balance
release oxygen from hemoglobin
phosphorylation reactions
enzyme activity

Question 15

info on electolytes

Answer 15

minerals that carry and electrical charge, pos or neg ions

Question 16

functions of electrolytes

Answer 16

regulation of nerve/muscle function
control contraction of body water/hydration
maintain blood pH balance
blood pressure regulation

Question 17

what does concentration of extracellular fluid drive

Answer 17

homeostasis

Question 18

what do electolytes do

Answer 18

help to maintain ratio of water inside vs outside cell
osmosis

Question 19

what is the kidneys role

Answer 19

filtration, reabsorption
secretion

Question 20

is magnesium a cation or anion

Answer 20

cation

Question 21

what are the electolytes we talked about

Answer 21

magnesium
sodium
potassium
chloride
sulfur

Question 22

Functions of magnesium

Answer 22

bone formation
cell membrane stabilization
over 300 enzyme reactions
stabilize atp
energy metabolism
protein synthesis
muscle contraction
regular blood clotting
DNA and rna synthesis/degradation

Question 23

is sodium a cation or anion

Answer 23

cation

Question 24

what is the needed daily amount of Na versus the American daily consumption

Answer 24

needed daily is 180 mg
American daily is over 3400 mg

Question 25

functions of sodium

Answer 25

fluid balance major electrolyte nerve impulse transmission muscle contratction regulation of blood pressure

Question 26

is there an upper limit for potassium

Answer 26

no

Question 27

what can diets high in potassium reduce

Answer 27

cardiovascular diseases

Question 28

what can elevated potassium stimulate

Answer 28

aldosterone, a hormone that helps to regulate body water

Question 29

potassium functions

Answer 29

major electrolyte nerve impulse transmission muscle contraction blood pressure regulation interactions

Question 30

how does chloride contribute to an electrolyte balance

Answer 30

it has a negative charge so it opposes sodium to make NaCl

Question 31

Functions of Chloride

Answer 31

major electrolyte nerve impulse transmission aids in digestion (HCl) Fluid balance

Question 32

what does the chloride and acid base balance do

Answer 32

controls the bodys acidity through buffers, respiration, and renal excretion

Question 33

Foods high in sulfur

Answer 33

meat and fish...eggs...cheese some low levels are tea, cocoa, and dried apricots

Question 34

is there an RDA or AI for sulfur

Answer 34

none have been established

Question 35

Functions of Sulfur

Answer 35

no specific function is known, but it is apart of hundreds of sulfur-containing compounds in the body