Minerals and Rocks

Question 1

Building blocks of rocks

Answer 1

Minerals

Question 2

Type of rock that formed from the cooling and solidification of lava and magma

Answer 2

Igneous Rock

Question 3

type of igneous rock that forms when magma remains inside the Earth’s crust where it cools and solidifies in chambers within pre-existing rock. The magma cools very slowly over many thousands or millions of years until is solidifies.
- forms large crystals

Answer 3

Intrusive/Plutonic Igneous Rock

Question 4

Type of igneous rock that is produced when magma exits and cools as lava at or near the Earth’s surface. Exposed to the relatively cool temperatures of the atmosphere, the lava cools quickly meaning that mineral crystals don’t have much time to grow.
- may be vesicular (contains air bubbles)

Answer 4

Extrusive/Volcanic Igneous Rock

Question 5

Type of rock that is formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments

Answer 5

Sedimentary rock

Question 6

group of sedimentary rocks most people think of when they think of sedimentary rocks. Clastic sedimentary rocks are made up of pieces (clasts) of pre-existing rocks. Pieces of rock are loosened by weathering, then transported to some basin or depression where sediment is trapped.
-classified by size

Answer 6

Clastic sedimentary rocks

Question 7

This sedimentary rocks are composed of crystals having formed from a chemical reaction in a solution or from evaporation.

Answer 7

Crystalline Sedimentary Rocks

Question 8

Two types of crystalline sedimentary rocks

Answer 8

evaporites and precipitates

Question 9

layered crystalline sedimentary rocks that form from brines generated in areas where the amount of water lost by evaporation exceeds the total amount of water from rainfall and influx via rivers and streams.

Answer 9

evaporites

Question 10

This sedimentary rocks are those such as halite and gypsum, and some limestones, which form direct precipitation (crystallization) of the dissolved ions in the water

Answer 10

precipitates

Question 11

This sedimentary rocks are those containing large quantities of organic molecules. Organic molecules contain carbon, but in this context we are referring specifically to molecules with carbon-hydrogen bonds, such as materials from the soft tissues of plants and animals.
- biological matter

Answer 11

Organic sedimentary rocks

Question 12

Type of rocks that are changed as a result of exposure to intense heat and/or pressure

Answer 12

Metamorphic Rocks

Question 13

This metamorphism occurs due to heating, with or without burial, of rocks that lie close to a magma intrusion.

Answer 13

Contact metamorphism

Question 14

metamorphism that occurs over broad areas of the crust
- due to pressure

Answer 14

regional metamorphism

Question 15

5 Criteria of minerals

Answer 15

• solid under normal conditions
• naturally occuring
• inorganic
• fixed chemical formula
• atoms must be orderly structured (definite, crystalline)

Question 16

All properties of Matter are due to the _________ and ____________

Answer 16

composition. internal arrangement of atoms

Question 17

One of the most obvious properties of a mineral. Should be considered when identifying a mineral, but should never be used as the major identifying characteristic.
- not reliable

Answer 17

Color

Question 18

The ability of a mineral to resist being scratched

Answer 18

hardness

Question 19

Who designed the hardness scale

Answer 19

Friedrich Mohs

Question 20

How a mineral reflects light. The terms metallic and nonmetallic describe the basic types.

Answer 20

Luster

Question 21

A luster that looks like a polished metal

Answer 21

metallic luster

Question 22

A luster having the look of metal that is dulled by weathering

Answer 22

Submetallic Luster

Question 23

the type of luster for minerals that do not look metallic.

Answer 23

nonmetallic luster

Question 24

(nonmetallic luster) this possess a superlative luster, which is most notably seen in diamond. Such minerals are transparent or translucent, and have a high refractive index

Answer 24

adamantine luster

Question 25

(nonmetallic luster) describing yellow, dark orange, or brown minerals with slightly high refractive indices -- honey like, but not necessarily the same color.

Answer 25

resinous luster

Question 26

Describes a luster similar to the inside of a mollusk shell or shirt button. (pearls)

Answer 26

pearly luster

Question 27

(nonmetallic luster) resembles fat or grease. It often occurs in minerals containing a great abundance of microscopic inclusions, with examples including opal and cordierite, jadeite. These minerals also feel greasy to the touch.

Answer 27

greasy luster

Question 28

(nonmetallic) also known as 'earthy' and is used to describe minerals that have poor reflectivity. The surface of minerals is coarse and porous.

Answer 28

dull/earthy luster

Question 29

(nonmetallic luster) have a parallel arrangement of extremely fine fibres, giving them a lustre reminiscent of silk. (basta yung may lines)

Answer 29

silky luster

Question 30

(nonmetallic luster)This type of lustre is one of the most commonly seen, and occurs in transparent or translucent minerals with relatively low refractive indices (white to gray)

Answer 30

vitreous luster

Question 31

Two types of breakage

Answer 31

Fracture and cleavage

Question 32

(breakage) The tendency of a mineral to break along flat planar surfaces as determined by the structure of its crystal lattice (regular pattern)

Answer 32

cleavage

Question 33

(breakage) When a mineral breaks irregularly

Answer 33

fracture

Question 34

the color of the powdered mineral, which is usually more useful for identification than the color of the whole mineral sample. - using black or white plate to identify - can be colored/none/white

Answer 34

streak

Question 35

What is the density of most minerals?

Answer 35

Greater than 1 (has the ability to sink in water)

Question 36

What do you call an almost mineral (lacks one of the criteria)

Answer 36

Mineraloids

Question 37

(Mineral Classification based on chemical composition) - 90% of the earth's mineral - presence of oxygen and silicon

Answer 37

Silicates

Question 38

(Mineral Classification based on chemical composition) minerals that do not include the silicon-oxygen units characteristic of silicates

Answer 38

Non-silicates (Oxides, Carbonates, Sulfides, Sulfates, Holides, Native Elements)

Question 39

How are minerals formed?

Answer 39

- Cooling of Magma (Magmatic Crystallization) - Secondary Processes (weathering, etc. - metamorphism