Mineral Ore Exploration, Mining, and Processing Flashcards

1
Q

Use of gold in everyday life

A

jewelry, dentistry, electronics

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2
Q

What minerals do iron and steel come from?

A

hematite, magnetite, limonite

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3
Q

What minerals does copper come from? and what is its use?

A

malachite, azurite, chrysocolla
use: wires, pennies, electronics

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4
Q

What minerals does aluminum come from? and what is its use?

A

bauxite
use: cans, foil, bike, aircraft etc.

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5
Q

What minerals does lead come from? and what is its use?

A

galena
use: formerly plumbing and paints, now - mostly in chemical industry

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6
Q

What are the most abundant chemical elements in Earth’s Crust

A

Oxygen - 46.6%
Silicon - 27.7%
Al - 8.1%
Iron - 5%
etc.

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7
Q

At what percent of Earth’s Crust is highly useful and valuable

A

1.7%

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8
Q

Minerals that can be extracted, processed, and marketed at a profit

A

Economic Minerals

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9
Q

Factors of Economic Minerals

A
  • interest in the mineral
  • size of the deposit
  • mineral concentration
  • mineral depth below the surface (more expensive if deeper)
  • market value
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10
Q

natural material with a high concentration of economically valuable minerals that can be mined for a profit

A

ore

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11
Q

the process of extracting useful materials from the earth.

A

mining

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12
Q

what are rocks composed of?

A

aggravates and minerals

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13
Q

Steps in mining

A
  • pre-mining/exploration (project design, using aircraft to detect anomalies, drill to confirm anomalies, feasibility study [is it economical?])
  • mining and processing (dig tunnel if subsurface mining, use explosives, mine, milling, separation, and processing [make it slurry [powder and water], flotation tanks, filter])
  • post-mining/mine closure (cover up land, closure plans which should be planned already during the feasibility study, restoration, reclamation, and rehabilitation, sustaining post-mining use)
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14
Q

What are the chances that the anomalies during the exploration process are valuable

A

1/1000

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15
Q

method of extracting minerals near the surface of the Earth.
- mass damage
- easier and safer
- non-metals and organic substances are extracted

A

surface mining

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16
Q

types of surface mining

A
  • open pit
  • strip mining
  • quarrying
  • placer mining
17
Q

a surface mining technique that extracts minerals from an open pit in the ground. It is the most common method used throughout the world for mineral mining and does not require extractive methods or tunnels.

A

Open pit mining

18
Q

the process of removing a thin strip of overburden (earth or soil) above a desired deposit, dumping the removed overburden behind the deposit, extracting the desired deposit, creating a second, parallel strip in the same manner, and depositing the waste materials from that second (new) strip onto the first strip. And so on.

A

strip mining

19
Q

the process of removing rock, sand, gravel or other minerals from the ground in order to use them to produce materials for construction

A

quarrying

20
Q

a collection of mining methods that use water to separate valuable ore from the surrounding sediment. It literally began as a flash in the pan, flecks of gold awash in a slurry of sediment, recovered by miners using a skilled hand with only a pan the size of a dinner plate and river water

A

placer mining

21
Q

mining removes minerals that are deep underground.
- environmental effects are not as bad
- more expensive & dangerous
- metals & denser minerals are extracted

A

subsurface mining

22
Q

when recovering minerals from an ore, where is the separation usually done

A

in a mill

23
Q

is employed for the concentration of minerals by utilizing the differences in magnetic susceptibility of minerals/ore from that of gangue bearing components.

A

magnetic separation

24
Q

involves crushing the ore to liberate separate grains of the various valuable minerals and gangue components, pulping the ore particles with water, and then selectively rendering hydrophobic the surface of the mineral of interest. A stream of air bubbles is then passed through the pulp; the bubbles attach to and levitate the hydrophobic particles, which collect in a froth layer which flows over the weir of the flotation cell.

A

flotation process

25
Q

an industrial mining process of separating precious metals, copper, and other minerals, from ores. It involves a series of chemical processes, through which the mineral ores are piled into the form of a heap, and a leach solution is spread over the ore surface to leach metal from the heap

A

heap-leach recovery process

26
Q

how is copper extracted from malachite

A
  • heating of powdered malachite, addition of activated carbon and heating (single displacement), washing the substance with water
27
Q

how is aluminum extracted from bauxite

A

through electrolysis

28
Q

Examples of Post Mining Use

A
  • farmland, airport, natural ecosystem, house, etc
29
Q

Effects of Wrong and Abusive Mining Practices

A
  • soil, water, and air pollution
  • damage to habitat and loss of wildlife
  • health hazards and economic impacts
30
Q

An Act instituting a new system of mineral resources exploration, development, utilization and conservation.

A

Philippine Mining Act of 1995

31
Q

At what place is the Philippines in the most mineralized countries in the world?

A

5th

32
Q

The Philippines is the 6th largest in deposit _________ in the world

A

Chromite

33
Q

The Philippines is the 5th largest in deposit _________ in the world

A

Nickel

34
Q

The Philippines is the 4th largest in deposit in the world

A

Copper

35
Q

The Philippines is the 3rd largest deposit in _________ in the world

A

Gold

36
Q

Most abundant metals in the Philippines

A

Nickel - guitar strings, rechargable batteries
Copper - heating and coling systems
Gold - field of medicine

37
Q

Abundant non-metallic minerals in the Philippines

A

sand, gravel, clay, limestone