minerals Flashcards
where can you find selenium
cereals, meat, fish, brazil nuts
how is selenium involved in homeostatsis
excess is secreted in urine, faeces or exhaled
in plants what is selenium known as?
selenocysteine
what is glutathione
antioxidant
what do Glutathione peroxidase enzymes do?
work with glutathione to reduce and hence inactivate hydrogen peroxide
one type protects RBCs
what happens if you lack Glutathione peroxidase enzymes
deficiency of enzyme can lead to haemolytic anaemia
why is the Glutathione Redox Cycle important
antioxidant system that protects the body from oxidative stress.
what is the first step of Glutathione Redox Cycle (1)
Glutathione peroxidase, which contains selenium, catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), converting it to water (2 H2O). This reaction also converts reduced glutathione (GSH) to its oxidized form (GSSG, glutathione disulfide).
what is the second step of the GRC (2)
The enzyme glutathione reductase, which contains flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor catalyzes the reduction of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) back to its reduced form (GSH).
This reduction reaction is powered by NADPH + H+, which is oxidized to NADP+ in the process.
summarise this for me-Deiodination reactions catalysed by iodothyronine deiodinases regulate thyroid hormone levels – involved in response to tissue injury and promotion of regeneration
the body controls thyroid hormone levels through enzymes called iodothyronine deiodinases. These enzymes adjust hormone activity, which is crucial for the body’s response to injury and for helping with tissue repair and regeneration.
summarise zinc
involved in production of glutathione
deficiency - growth retardation, effects on skin, intestine, immune system
in homestais what happens in zinc
homeostasis - excess sequestered in metallothioneins in intestinal mucosal cells
what does zinc deficiency lead to?
growth retardation, effects on skin, intestine, immune system
summarise copper for me
absorbed in stomach & duodenum
needed for haematopoiesis & nerve function
deficiency leads to cytopenias (anaemia, neutropenia) and nerve damage
found in lots of places!
