Minerals Flashcards

Question

How can osteoporosis be prevented?

Answer 1

-Maintain adequate calcium and vitamin D intake -Perform weight-bearing exercise -Hormone Replacement Therapy

Answer 2

Degenerative diseases Heart disease Lowers blood pressure Cancer Breast, prostate, colon Obesity

Answer 3

-Inorganic elements occur in nature and are found in water, soil and rock -Taken up by plant roots and hence into animals and humans -exist in the body as Biological components – in the skeleton, in haemoglobin, in thyroid hormones and in many enzymes

Answer 4

-haemoglobin of red blood cells (60%) -myoglobin in muscles (8%) -transferrin (2%) -stores in liver (25%) -enzymes (5%)

Answer 5

from cell losses from the skin and interior surfaces of the body such as the intestines, urinary tract and airways and through bleeding.

Answer 6

-As they have no iron stores and this a period of rapid growth -iron deficiency can be reduced at this stage due to most infant cereals as they are fortified with iron

Answer 7

-Period of rapid growth -also during puberty there's an increase in haemoglobin mass and concentration increasing requirements

Answer 8

-The type of iron (ahem or non-haem) -2 separate types of receptor are used on the mucosal cells and are absorbed in different efficiencies

Answer 9

-found in meat and meat products and is derived from haemoglobin and myoglobin in meat -absorption is 10-30% -generally not affected by diet -more fast absorbed

Answer 10

-main form of dietary iron and is found in cereals, vegetables, pulses, beans, fruits etc. -is in the form of iron salts, iron in other proteins & iron derived from processing or storage methods. -only 2-10% consumed can be absorbed -more slow absorbed -is affected by other components in diet

Answer 11

-Phytates – found in plant cells. In western-type diets 90% of phytates originate from cereals. -Polyphenols – are part of the plant’s defence mechanism against insects, animals and man. E.g. tannin. -Calcium– in the form of dairy products such as milk and cheese. Also inhibits haem iron absorption.

Answer 12

-Ascorbic acid/vitamin C – Most potent enhancer. It does this by converting the iron from ferric (Fe3+) to ferrous (Fe2+) forms. -Meat, fish & seafood – In addition to providing haem iron themselves they also promote the absorption of non-haem iron. -alcohol

Answer 13

the degree to which a substance is available to the body.

Answer 14

-lemons, oranges, tomatoes -brocolli, cabbage -white whine -fish, meat, poultry

Answer 15

-It is part of haemoglobin which carries oxygen to body tissues -It helps store oxygen in muscle cells through myoglobin -It is a component of various tissue enzymes involved in energy production and brain function.

Answer 16

Fatigue Restlessness Impaired work performance

Answer 17

Non-haem iron

Answer 18

-women carrying out menstruation -no consumption of red meat

Answer 19

1-Depletion of storage iron 2-Decrease in transported iron in transferrin proteins 3-Reduction in red blood cell formation (anaemia)

Answer 20

Regular consumption of raw vegetables (salads) Regular consumption of red meat

Answer 21

-consumption of iron supplements -alcohlics- consuming large amounts of wine with high iron content -can cause tissue damage

Answer 22

-fresh fruit/ juice with meals help with absorption -salad veg contain vit C which helps absorption -green leafy veg is good source of iron -avoid drinking tea with meals as this reduces iron absorption

Answer 23

-iron absorption isn't regulated due to disease eg. idiopathic hereditary hemochromatosis -sufferers must avoid iron fortified foods