minerals Flashcards
calcium (function)
teeth and bones, blood coagulation and nerve/muscle function, milk and egg production
calcium (deficiency and sources)
deficiency: retarded growth, deformed bones (rickets), soft-shelled eggs, osteoporosis
sources: oyster shells, milk, limestone
Sodium chloride (function)
required for formation, retention, concentration, and ph of body fluid
formation of digestive juices
nerve/muscle activity
sodium chloride (deficiency and sources)
Deficiency: dehydration, alkalosis, poor condition and appetite, most foods are deficient
sources: salt supplements, injection
Phosphorus (function)
bones and teeth body fluids formation metabolism reproduction cell respiration
phosphorus ( deficiency and sources)
deficiency:same as calcium, poor appetite and reproduction and un thrifty appearance
sources: mono and di- calcium phosphates
bone meal and low flourine phosphates
magnesium ( function)
similar to calcium and phosphorus
magnesium ( source and deficiency)
deficiency: irritability, irregular heartbeat, severe kidney damage
sources: mineral supplements
ordinary feed
manganese (function)
fetal development
udder development
milk production
skeletal development
manganese ( D and S)
D: abortions, reduced fertility, deformed young, poor growth
S: trace mineralized salt
Copper (F)
iron utilization
hemoglobin formation
synthesis of keratin
copper (D and S)
D: poor pigmentation (feathers), stringy wool, lack of muscle coordination, anemia
S: forages and copper salts
iron (Function)
function for all organs and tissues ( hemoglobin)
Iron (d and S)
D: seldom in old animals
nutritional anemia, labored breathing, pale eyelids, ears and nose
S;Bone/fish meal
forrage
trace or copper minerals
Cobalt (F)
nutrient for rumen microbes
aids in rumen synthesis of b12
pigs are supplemented because they can not produce B12 from cobalt
Cobalt (D and S)
lack of appetite, loss of weight, rough hair, anemia, decrease milk and wool production, death in extreme cases
source: legume forages and salt containing cobalt
selenium and vitamin E in cattle
complementary but independent antioxidants
vitamin E turns PUFA’s into SFA’s for rumen absorption
vitamin E supplemented (or occur in forage crops)
selenium deficiency
infertility mastitis retain placenta abnormal calving milk fever
white muscle disease (sub-acute muscular dystrophy)
occurs when selenium is deficient in calves
10 to 40% die
stand and move stiffly or be reluctant to move
swollen and firm muscles
acute muscle dystrophy
calve is dull
respiratory distress
elevated heart rate
dies within 6-18 hours
minerals classed as electrolytes
sodium (Na) Potassium (K) chloride (Cl) calcium (Ca) magnesium (Mg)
