Mineral Deficiencies/Excess Clinical Signs

Question 1

Ca deficiency

Answer 1

skeletal disease

Question 2

Ca excess

Answer 2

digestive/absorption problems in growing horses/mares

Question 3

P deficiency

Answer 3

skeletal disease

Question 4

P excess

Answer 4

affects Ca absorption

Question 5

NaCl deficiency

Answer 5

increased aldosterone secretion
–> increased absorption –> decreased urine excretion
–> decreased sweating & milk production
pica
deceased food/water intake

Question 6

NaCl excess

Answer 6

increased water consumption
salt toxicity (colic, diarrhea, weakness, staggering, paralysis, recumbency)

Question 7

K deficiency

Answer 7

inappetence, fatigue, weakness, lethargy

Question 8

K excess

Answer 8

not common

Question 9

Mg deficiency

Answer 9

hypomagnesemic tetany
decreased PTH release and activation

Question 10

I deficiency

Answer 10

hypothyroidism
goiter

Question 11

I excess

Answer 11

goiter

Question 12

Cu deficiency

Answer 12

collagen/elastin synthesis growth abnormal
uterine a. rupture
iron mobillization (anemia)
melatonin synthesis (red fur)
cofactor in antioxidant enzymes (oxidative stress)

Question 13

Cu excess

Answer 13

rare; hepatic and renal damage

Question 14

Mo excess

Answer 14

impairs Cu utilization

Question 15

Zn deficiency

Answer 15

decreased food intake, growth rate
parakeratosis in lower limbs
decreased plasma AP and LDH

Question 16

Zn excess

Answer 16

horses resistant
impairs Cu absorption
increased risk of DOD in foal

Question 17

Fe deficiency

Answer 17

rare

Question 18

Vit E and Se deficiency

Answer 18

white muscle disease –> can also lead to inhalation/aspiration pneumonia
steatitis

Question 19

Fe excess

Answer 19

foals susceptible first few days of life, can lead to liver failure and death