Exam 2 - Small Animal Nutrition Flashcards
Understand how the nutrient requirements of a bitch change during gestation and lactation
compare BW, MER, BCS, meal size, and amount of protein and energy
gestation - 15-20% gain in BW, increase food intake at 40 days, should receive 1.25% MER, BCS of 5, severe small meals, high energy and high protein
lactation - 5-10% gain BW, 4-6x MER, high energy, high protein, several meals/day, feed to maintain BCS
why do you feed a pregnant bitch several smaller meals?
gravid uterus may impair gastric filling
compare bitch milk to cow milk
bitch milk is higher in fat and protein than a dairy cow
at peak milk production, bitch’s is approx. 8% BW which is average to dairy cow
when do most puppies die?
what can you do to monitor?
within the first two weeks
activity, weight gain, body temp, hydration, stool quality, muscle tone
etiology of hypoglycemia, hypothermia, dehydration syndrome in puppies
first week, esp. first 3 days (toy breeds higher risk)
decreased food intake
low environmental temp
high metabolic rate, small energy reserves, low GNG (gluconeogenic) capacity
disease (diarrhea)
clinical signs of hypoglycemia, hypothermia, dehydration syndrome in puppies
vocalizing & active
then sluggish, >94 degrees, poor skin tugar, then rejected by mom
treatment of hypoglycemia, hypothermia, dehydration syndrome in puppies
increase core temp slowly to 94-98 degrees
correct low BG w/ stomach tube + 10% dextrose
correct dehydration (1ml/30g BW)
what happens if you were to treat those puppies too fast?
distended abdomen/stomach due to no digestion
what can using the wrong milk replacements or too much sugar cause?
osmotic cataract in the eye
Describe best practices for weaning puppies from their Dam
when should you offer soft food?
what happens if pups have diarrhea?
when should weaning be completed?
water limitation?
offer soft food at 3 weeks
separate bitch during the feeding time
complete weaning at 6-7 weeks
watch for diarrhea (may need to go back to mom, less food)
6-8 weeks, decrease mom’s food intake 50% and remove pups during the day for 1-3 days before removing them completely
do NOT limit water
Describe nutritional strategies for decreasing the risk of developing metabolic bone disease in growing large breed dogs
optimal not maximal rate
limit excessive energy intake (stress, mediators)
watch mineral ratios of Ca, P, cations and hormones
weigh pup every 1-2 weeks, large breeds should gain 3.5-4lbs/week, giant breeds 4-4.75 lbs/week
BCS 4-4.5/10
RER EQUATION
UNITS
kcal/day
(kgs)^0.75 x 70
crude protein from GA –> g/1000kcal
(crude protein from GA/kcal/kg) x 10,000
crude fat from GA –> g/1000 kcal
(crude fat from GA/kcal/kg) x 10,000
daily protein requirement for dog equation
3.28g protein x (kgs)^0.75
daily protein requirements for cat equation
4.96g protein x (kg)^0.67
ideal weight equation
current weight
100% + % overweight
ideal BCS
each point above ideal represents what %
4-5 ideal
6 = 10% overweight
7 = 20%
8 = 30%
9 = 40%
difference between guarenteed analysis and percent ME
GA = min/max amount in diet
%ME = % calories coming from protein, fat, carbs; determines how much food must be consumed to maintain body weight
MER equation
MER (kcal/day) = RER x Life Stage Factors
vitamin D deficiency
rickets, osteomalacia, nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism
vitamin E deficiency
what diet is this common in
reproductive failure, pansteatitis in cats
tuna (fish diet) because high PUFAs with insufficient vitamin E thus why vit E requirement based off of amount of PUFAs in diet
vitamin K deficiency common in cats with ______ diets
high fish diets
vitamin A deficiency
decreased vision, bone growth, reproduction and maintenance of epithelial cells
