Final - Disease of GI tract & Pancreas Flashcards
what are the functional units for exocrine pancreas
acinar cells
what are zymogens
inactive forms of enzyzmes
digestive enzymes first produced as zymogens until activated in duodenum
where do digestive enzymes from the pancreas enter the duodenum?
major duodenal papilla (major pancreatic duct + common bile duct)
minor duodenal papilla (accessory pancreatic duct)
what duodenal papilla is not found in most cats
minor duodenal papilla
what is exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?
digestive part of pancreas dysfunctional, common in dogs
what cells and hormones does the pancreas produce
alpha cells - glucagon
beta cells - insulin
delta cells - somatostatin
describe intestinal absorption and what allows it to have such high surface area
long-lived, self-renewal, multipotency
HSA due to villus, crypts, microvilli (brush border), plica circulariis, mucosa, submucosa
what allows the greatest increase in surface area in the intestine?
microvilli (brush border) increases 20x, then villi x10 then plica circularis x3
what cells are located in the villus
mature enterocytes for absorption and digestion
goblet cells
enteroendodrine
what cells are located in the crypts
young enterocytes for secretions
stem cells (can become various cells = rapid turnover)
paneth cells
Parvovirus attacks what cells in the intestine
rapidly dividing cells - thus affecting the crypts
also causes severe villus blunting and atrophy
difference between Metoclopramide and Cisapride
Metoclopramide - works in SI to increase peristalsis, but not colon
Cisapride - MOVES CATS COLON
antigens and inflammation in IBD
antigens - food, endogenous microbes or pathogens that cause inflammation due to breakdown of the mucosal barrier
GI role in absorption
absorbs nutrients, H2O and electrolytes
GI role in immunologic homeostasis
recognition, protection, tolerance, response
what cells secrete bicarbonate
epithelial cells lining small pancreatic ducts
what cells secrete digestive enzymes from pancreas
exocrine acinar cells
zymogen cells
treatments for IBD
no antibiotics
use probiotics, glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressants instead
purpose of fiber
produced SCFA - acetate, butyrate, propionate which promotes GI mucosa
can cause flatus (gas)
most prevalent endocrine disease
diabetes mellitus
most prevalent exocrine disease
pancreatitis
diabetes mellitus
etiology:
clinical sign:
treatment:
increased glucose
PUPD, polyphagia, weight loss
insulin
insulinoma
etiology:
clinical sign:
increased insulin
hypoglycemia
pancreatitis
etiology:
clinical sign:
inflammation
anorexia, vomitting, abdominal pain
