Exam 2 Negative Energy Balance Flashcards
what cows are more likely to get ketosis due to hypoglycemia
those in the free stalls or dry lot
postpartum, multiparis > heifers, immature or old cows
do not exceed ___ capacity in dairy-free stall barn
90%
main substrate for gluconeogenesis in ruminants
proprionate
how can propionate be constantly supplied in ruminants with a high demand for energy (lactation/gestation)
high grain/concentrates
ionophores
normal [BG] in cattle
65
3 most common ketones
Acetoacetate, BHBA, & Acetone
normal [BHBA]
< 1.2 mmol/L
what causes the production of ketones/ketosis
insufficient oxaloacetate to allow ACoA to enter the TCA cycle
ketosis treatment
dextrose IV
propylene glycol
B-vitamin shot
primary ketosis
ration is deficient in carbohydrates
secondary ketosis
diet is fine but has another disease making it anorexic or younger/older animals less likely to eat compared to adults/mature animals
which type of ketosis is more common
secondary ketosis
why is oxaloacetate limited?
it is mobilized out of mitochondria to support gluconeogenesis
what is fatty liver/fat cow syndrome “hepatic lipidosis”
prolonged negative energy balance
immediately after calving or 3.5+ BCS (overconiditioned cows)
sudden, rapid loss of body condition is abnormal; normal loss is expected around time of calving
how hormone helps mobilize body fat in cows
hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
how is diabetes in dogs similar to ketosis in dairy cattle
both are states of intracellular oxaloacetate deprivation
how does pregnancy toxicity in ruminants occur
negative energy balance due to fetus draining energy
Describe the expected hepatic and serum biochemical responses to chronic negative energy balance in horses.
occurs in overweight dams in late pregnancy or early lactation
horses = ACoA convert into lipoproteins resulting in hyperlipidemia (no ketosis) & hepatic fat deposition
Describe the expected hepatic and serum biochemical responses to chronic negative energy balance in camelids.
Mobilized FFA go to liver → ketogenesis (like ruminants), hepatic fat deposition (ruminants & horses), hyperlipidemia (like horses)
hyperglycemic due to elevated gluconeogenesis & not heavy milk producers
