Milgram's Study Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Obedience a form of?

A

It’s a form of social influence

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2
Q

What is Obedience?

A

When an individual follows a direct order from an individual (normally figure of authority) who has power to punish when obedient behaviour doesn’t occur

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3
Q

What is Destructive Obedience?

A

When an individual obeys an order to do an immoral act, which causes them distress as they don’t want to do it

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4
Q

What was the Aim of Milgram’s Experiment?
[2]

A
  • Whether Germans were different, and more obedient than people in other countries
  • See whether normal ordinary American citizens would obey an unjust order from authroity figure and inflict pain on a person
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5
Q

Where did Milgram’s Study take place?

A

Yale Uni

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6
Q

How many people took part in Milgram’s Study?

A

40 male participants

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7
Q

Even though participants were told they would be randomly assigned, which role were they always assigned?

A

Teacher

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8
Q

How did the experimenter make the ‘teacher’ believe the electric shock was real?

A

The teacher watched the learner be strapped to an eletcric shock and be given a “sample” electric shock

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9
Q

How would the learner indicate his choice to the teacher?

A

By using a system of lights

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10
Q

What was the teacher instructed to do every time the participant made a mistake?

A

Administrator an electric shock and increase the voltage after each mistake

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11
Q

What happened when:

  1. 300 V
  2. 315 V
  3. 330 V

was administered?

A
  1. 300 V - Learner complained of weak heart
  2. 315 V - learner started banging on wall demanding to leave
  3. 330 V - He became silent (dead?)
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12
Q

When did experiment stop?
[2]

A
  • Until teacher refused to stop
  • Or 450 V was reached
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13
Q

What happened if teacher tried to stop experiment?

A

The experimenter would respond with prod “the experiment requires that you continue”

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14
Q

What was procedure of Milgram’s study?
[10]

A
  • 40 random male participants
  • Invited to Yale Uni and met by Mr Wallace
  • Experimenter said a person is randomly assigned to teacher or learner. But real participant was always teacher
  • Teacher watched the learner be strapped and given ‘sample’ electric shock to say it’s real
  • Teacher would test word recall of learner and indicate answer using system of lights
  • When learner made pre-determined mistake, teacher had to give shock and increase voltage after every shock
  • 300 V - weak heart
  • 315 V - banged on wall and said to leave
  • 330 V - silent
  • After 450 V no more
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15
Q

What were the finding of Milgram’s study?
[4]

A
  • All people went upto at least 300 V
  • 65% went to full 450 V
  • People showed ‘extreme tension’, ‘sweat’, ‘tremble’, ‘bite lip’
  • Very different to results guessed - he thought no more than 3% would go higher
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16
Q

What are the conclusions of Milgram’s Study?
[2]

A
  • Under right circumstances people would obey unjust orders
  • Germans aren’t different to other countries. Hitler in England, still same consequences
17
Q

high reliability - sheridan and king puppy

What is a Strength of Milgram’s Study?
[4]

A
  • High reliability
  • Sheridan and King did similiar study with shocking a puppy
  • Similiar results - 54% of males gave shock and 100% of females gave shock
  • Suggests effect in Milgram’s study was real because people behaved differenyly even when shocks were real
18
Q

participants decieved

What is a Limitation of Milgram’s Study?
[4]

A
  • Participants in study were decieved
  • For e.g. participants thought allocation of roles (teacher and learner) was random, but it was fixed
  • Also thought shocks were real - Milgram dealt with this by debriefing participants
  • However, Baumrind said that deception in psychological studies can have serious consequences for participants and researcher
19
Q

real life application

What is Strength of Milgram’s Study?
[4]

A
  • Real life applications
  • Opened eyes to problem of obedience
  • Reduce future destructive obedience
  • Nazis
20
Q

lacked population validity

What is a Limitation of Milgram’s Study?
[4]

A
  • Lacked population validity
  • Bias sample of 40 male American people
  • Doesn’t represent whole population
  • Other countries (China) can have higher obedience