Milestones Flashcards
primary position of newborn
physiological flexion, weight on chest and arms
newborn prone
everything flexed, no head control
newborn sitting
no trunk control, bobs head
newborn standing
reflexive wt. bearing and stepping
3 mo. old prone
lifts head to 90 degrees, can be propped up on elbows
3 mo. old supine
brings hands to midline/ to mouth, visually attend
3 mo. old sitting
keeps head upright, no trunk control
3 mo. old standing
does not bear any wt. on legs, stepping reflex gone
6 mo. old sitting
has trunk control, sits unassisted for a few seconds, can’t play with toy here yet, can’t get into/out of sitting
6 mo. old prone
pushes up onto hands
6 mo. old quadruped
shifts wt. from hands to knees but not creeping or crawling yet
6 mo. old supine
can bring LEs up and grabs with hands
6 mo. old standing
will bear wt. on LEs with hands held
9 mo. old sitting
well controlled, moves into and out of sitting easily
9 mo. old standing
pulls up at furniture, cruising, stands independently, steps well with hands held
at what age does a child begin to cruise
9 mo.
at what age does a child sit independently
6 mo. for a few secs, 9 mo. well controlled
at what age can a child get into/out of sitting independently
9 mo.
at what age can a child first stand independently
9 mo.
At what age does a child begin to try to squat
1 year
at what age does a child become actively mobile to explore their world?
9 mo.
at what age do most children take their first steps independently
1 year
at this age, a child can walk a little but they prefer crawling for faster/more efficient means of transportation
1 year
motor development occurs in which directions?
cephalocaudal or “head to toe” and proximodistal
motor development relies heavily on strengthening of which mm groups?
extensors
what is proximodistal development?
proximal stability before distal mobility- child must be able to sit stably and hold head up before they can reach
What are the 8 subsystems of infant locomotion?
1) pattern generations leading to reciprocal LE motion
2) flexor and extensor mm strength
3) extensors strong enough to overcome gravity
4) changes in body size and composition
5) trunk control for upright posture
6) decoupling of previous synchronizations to move joints independently
7) visual flow to interpret passing environment
8) ability to identify a task and motivation to move towards a goal
when should a child creep up and down stairs?
8-15 mo.
when should a child walk up and down stairs with hands held?
15-18 mo.
when should a child be able to throw a ball forward?
15-18 mo.
when should a child first be able to “run” although its very stiff
20 mo.
when should a child be able to walk up and down stairs w/o support in a marked time fashion
2.5 yrs.
when should a child be able to kick a ball fwd
2.5 years
when should a child be able to run well
3 yrs
when should a child be able to walk up stairs with alternating fashion
3 yrs.
when should a child be able to catch a ball with arms and body
3 yrs.
when should a child be able to walk down stairs with alternating feet?
3.5 yrs.
when should a child be able to jump up with both feet?
3.5 yrs
when should a child be able to hop on one foot?
3.5 years
when should a child be able to gallop?
4 yrs.
when should a child be able to skip?
5-6 yrs.
what are some gross motor red flags?
rolling, creeping, walking
> rolls using extension after 6 months
bunny hops with both feet instead of creeping
walks on toes with legs adducted
other gross motor red flags
floppy athetoid movement persistence of reflexes spastic rigid inability to achieve midline of head or extremities unilateral movements lacking LE movement
