Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geography > Migration, Identity and Soverignty > Flashcards

Migration, Identity and Soverignty Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
U.S. Geography flashcards World Geography flashcards
1
Q

how have demands for labour changed nationally

A

people move from traditional rural economies to work in cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

example of demands for labour changing nationally

A

In China, many people are moving away from the central rural regions to coastal areas with large cities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how have demands for labour changed internationally

A

easier movement of people, through agreements or most countries having readily available work visas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

example of demands for labour changing internationally

A

Schengen area agreement, abolishment of many internal borders in the EU, helping to fill job vacancies in other countries. over 14 million EU citizens now live in another member state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how many international migrants were there in 2019 and how did this compare to the growth of the world population

A

272 million
outpacing growth of the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what does the number of international migrants in a country depend on

A

government policy
attitudes
level of engagement with global economy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what causes the changing patterns of migration and examples

A

changes in policy- German temporary open-door
job opportunities- asian migrant to Qatar for world cup
natural disasters- Haiti quake led to 300000 leaving Part-au-Prince
climate change- desertification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does Japan need to maintain its economy and living standards

A

200000 immigrants a year
increased fertility rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what caused the European migrant crisis

A

conflict in Syria (11 million left)
open immigration policies (Germany)
restrictive immigration policies (Turkey)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why does free movement = efficiency

A

access to cheaper goods
more workers
attract FDI for businesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does free movement affect national identity

A

no control over tax avoidance
concerns over cultural diffusion
changes in political ideology
no control to stop or restrict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why do people move within the UK

A

for higher life satisfaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

why have people from Mexico and central America moved to the us legally and illegally

A

poverty and violence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what factors affect assimilation

A

time spent in country
ability/speed of which they learn the language
level of education
ability to find a job

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how has migration impacted the UK crime rates

A

increased, EU citizens are more likely to receive a caution, possibly due to hostility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how has migration affected the agriculture sector

A

help sector to grow and stabalise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how does migration from mexico impact the us

A

cost the US millions
many believe migrants are a drain on the economy, keeping wages low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the impacts of people moving away from mexico

A

mexican villages have lost 2/3 of the inhabitants, leading to a shortage of economically active people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

why do some states not have full control over their borders

A

long borders, esp coastlines
conflict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how much is failing assimilation costing Germany

A

16 billion a year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why hasnt assimilation happened effectively in germany

A

have not been offered enough in terms of education, hence 2/3 of immigrant children can’t adequately read by the end of their 4th year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is a nation state

A

a sovereign state of which most citizens are united

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the characteristics of Iceland

A

ethnically homogenous
isolated region
try to prevent word from other languages entering Icelandic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the characteristics of Singapore

A

a key trade hub in the British empire
brings many ethnicities together
has 4 official languages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what factors influence borders

A

physical borders
historical events
colonialism
cultural characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

why would borders be contested

A

one state wanting to take over another
a desire to untie a culturally and ethnically similar population
desire to gain access to valuable resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

why is Russia invading Ukraine

A

does not see it as an independent nation as it was formally part of the soviet union
sees them joining NATO as a threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how has colonialism had impacts of the Indian-Pakistan border

A

one of the largest forced migrations
let to conflicts in Kashmir as it is claimed by both countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how did borders lead to the Rwanda genocide

A

following the Berlin conference, Germany established colonial rule, then Belgium took over after the first world war
they favored the tutsi minority (14%)
led to 800000 deaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

define nationalism

A

the identification with ones own nation and support for its interests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

why did nationalism rise in India

A

the opposition to colonial rule helped bring Indians together despite the many cultural and ethnic differences, helped by the spread of the English language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

what led to the ‘wind of change’

A

UK and other countries could no longer afford to maintain the empires they had created

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

why did new states struggle in the ‘wind of change’

A

British left without establishing a secure government
economies were constructed to supply raw materials to the empire and had not been industrialised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

how has colonialism influenced migration

A

the Windrush generation- investment in infrastructure after war=job opp
as countries gained independence- Indian population brought to Kenya under threat after the British left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what does a tax haven do

A

encourage the uneven distribution of wealth in favor of more developed nations and TNCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is the attitude of IGOs towards tax havens

A

business tax provides governments with money for public spending
most govs seek investment from TNCs to generate income and employment
HICs have begun to take measures to reduce tax avoidance

37
Q

what is the attitudes of NGOs towards tax havens

A

some people argue that companies are avoiding tax in the very countries that enabled them to earn wealth in the first place

38
Q

how much does the Cayman islands tax and how much do they have in assets

A

0%personal tax income
in 2014- 1.5 trillion in assets

39
Q

how much of the wealth do the richest 1% own

A

48%

40
Q

what are the trends with growing wealth gaps

A

70% of the global population are living in countries where the wealth gap is growing

41
Q

how did nationalizing resources help Bolivia

A

increased gas connections by 835%
reduced inequalities

42
Q

what were the costs of the Vietnam war

A

1 million civilians dead
7 tones of US bombs

43
Q

what were the costs of the Vietnam war

A

1 million civilians dead
7 tones of US bombs

44
Q

why was the UN established

A

to reduce tensions that had previously led to the first and second world wars

45
Q

why is the UN essential

A

protects human rights, delivers humanitarian aid, upholds international law

46
Q

what are the limitations of the UN

A

cannot take strong stance against politically and economically powerful, such as human right violations in the Guantanamo detention centre
often security council members have different geopolitical interests so proposed interventions can be turned down

47
Q

example of a success of the UN using direct military action

A

Sierra Leone
-helped to implement peace agreement
-disarmed more than 75000 ex-fighters
-destroyed 40000 weapons

48
Q

example of a failure of UN using direct military action

A

Rwanda
-25000 peacekeepers removed
-800000 deaths

49
Q

example of a success of the UN using economic sanctions

A

Iran
-trade sanctions applied due to suspicion of building nuclear weapons
- did stop the program but other players involved

50
Q

what was the UN response to Russia’s annexation of Crimea

A

UN general assembly voted in favor of Crimea remaining part of Ukraine

51
Q

what was the UN response to the US-led invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan war on terrorism

A

UN wanted to send WMD inspectors

52
Q

how many governments has the US attempted to overthrow since 1945

A

40

53
Q

what do IGOs promote

A

neo-liberalism as an ideology to deliver economic growth

54
Q

how has the Antarctic treaty been important

A

the scientific research has been vital for recognizing and and tackling atmospheric environmental problems

55
Q

what were the conditions for the 18 countries that had their debts cancelled

A

transparency of finance
savings had to be spent on poverty reduction measures

56
Q

how much does Jamaica spend on debt repayments

A

twice as much as it does on education and health combined

57
Q

what has the 1 billion dollar loan to Jamaica from the IMF led to

A

the economy has not grown since 1990
taken away economic sovereignty

58
Q

pros of trade blocs

A

provides members with access to larger markets
improved efficiency as countries can specialise with what theyre good at= better use of resources

59
Q

cons of trade blocs

A

importing/exporting outside of region can be expensive
require members to give up a degree of sovereignty over trade policies

60
Q

what has the Montreal protocol done

A

prevented more than 280 million people from hazardous affects of UV radiation
98% of deteriorating substances removed

61
Q

what is CITES

A

a global agreement to regulate or ban international trade of species under threat

62
Q

why is the impact of CITES questionable

A

because the illegal trade of tigers is worth 19 billion every year

63
Q

what is the MEA

A

studies ecosystems and reports on changes and likely environmental and human impacts

64
Q

how much of natural habitats has been cleared for human life

A

1/2 the habitats

65
Q

what does UNCLOS do

A

controls resource use in international waters

66
Q

why is successful management difficult

A

not all countries will agree
if resolving a problem has economic costs then countries will be reluctant

67
Q

how is globalism different from nationalism

A

nationalism values the success of ones own country over that of the worlds, globalism is where policies may not help an individual country but they allow global prosperity

68
Q

how is national identity encouraged

A

education- passing on stories and traditions
sport- supporting England in the world cup
politics- promote national values

69
Q

how does sport link loyalty and national identity

A

hosting the Olympics can promote national pride
the London 2012 ceremony promoted the monarchy and the industrial revolution

70
Q

how does legal systems link loyalty and national identity

A

in the USA the first amendment ensures the freedom of speech
the UK has the magna carta which is believed to be the foundation of British values

71
Q

how does landscapes link loyalty and national identity

A

English gov used the British landscape in the second world war to foster patriotic feelings

72
Q

why is the idea made in Britain difficult

A

many assets are now foreign-owned
goods are assembled in the UK, but parts are made abroad
UK infrastructure is foreign-owned

73
Q

how many vehicles did the British car industry make in 2015

A

1.5 million but few of these were made by British owned companies

74
Q

what does westernization promote and how does it challenge national identity

A

promotes a distinctive view of the benefits of the capatalist model
challenges through dominance in entertainment, heavy influence in retail and social media

75
Q

where were top 4 media companies in 2016 from

A

USA

76
Q

how many accounts does Facebook have globally

A

3 billion

77
Q

how does land ownership impact soverignty

A

many investment properties remain vacant, though this still means that property prices rise
many become gated communities

78
Q

how many properties bought in London were registered in tax havens

A

2/3

79
Q

how much did the American united fruit company own of Guatemala and what were the impacts of this

A

75% in the 1950s
helping economic growth and small farms turned to plantations

80
Q

why is national identity complex

A

many states have a multinational population, so often individuals develop distinctive cultures from one another

81
Q

why does Catalonia want independence

A

it is one of the most prosperous regions in Spain, counting for 1/5 of Spain’s economic output, but is not getting enough back from central gov

82
Q

when would Europe support

A

if the applied to be in the EU, but this would take several years

83
Q

why is there political tensions in the BRICs

A

have all undergone rapid economic growth but this has not been felt throughout the country. made worse by weak governance, meaning little control over corruption, pollution and crime

84
Q

what were the drawbacks of Brazil hosting the world cup

A

did not increase unity
22 billion was spent on it, instead of alleviating social problems

85
Q

another challenge of Brazils unity

A

unsure on how to include indigenous tribes into national life

86
Q

what are the characteristics of a failed state

A

vast differenced between the wealthy political elite and the general population
any sense of national identity may be weak
low life expectancy and social unrest

87
Q

why is Yemen considered a failed state and what are the impacts

A

military elites backed by different regional powers
8 million suffered famine
1 million victims of cholera

88
Q

why is Somalia considered a failed state and what are the impacts

A

drought
civil war corruption
political ineffectiveness
8 million malnourished

Geography (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions