Migration and Globalisation Flashcards
What is migration?
The (often permanent) movement of people between or within countries.
What is immigration?
The movement of people into a country (or area).
What is emigration?
The movement of people out of a country (or area).
What are push factors?
Things that make people want to move out of the place they’re in.
They’re negative factors about the place they’re leaving. e.g lack of jobs or poor living conditions and services, fear of political persecution.
What are pull factors?
These attract people to a new place.
They’re positive factors about the place they’re moving to.
E.g better jobs and more job opportunities, better living conditions and services.
What is meant by obstacles in migration?
Things that make migration more difficult, e.g the cost of moving.
What is meant by opportunities in migration?
Oppurtunities individuals encounter that mean they stop before they reach their intended destination, e.g Polish migrants heading for Ireland for work may stop in London because there are plenty of jobs there.
Effects that encourage migration.
1) Open door policies between EU members- anyone can live in any other country in the EU.
2) Ease of movement of an international elite- highly skilled or important individuals in are in demand around the world. Globalisation means it is easier to do so.
3) Increased urban investment- investment from TNCs os often focused on urban areas, which can cause an increase in rural-urban migration as people move for new or better jobs.
Effects that discourage migration.
1) There are restrictions on migration into an EU country if you’re not from one orginally- Europe is sometimes reffered to as ‘fortress Europe’.
2) Mexico and the USA are closely connected by the NAFTA trade bloc, but this doesn’t extend to the movement of people- migration into the USA is strictly controlled with a heavily guarded border.
