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Geography Yr 8 > Migration > Flashcards

Migration Flashcards

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1
Q

Migration

A

Migration is the movement from one place to another

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2
Q

Immigration

A

Moving into another country

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3
Q

Emigrant

A

Move out of a country into another

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4
Q

International immigration

A

This is moving into another country, migration is moving to other countries, migration across borders

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5
Q

Net migration

A

Net migration is the difference between both immigration and emigration in one country (maybe +ve or -ve)

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6
Q

Economic Migrants

A

People that move from one country to another to advance their economic and professional prospects.

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7
Q

Asylum Seekers

A

A person who has left their home country as a political refugee and is seeking asylum in another country

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8
Q

Refugees

A

A person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape the war, persecution, or natural disasters.

A refugee who has already received a positive decision from the authorities on his or her asylum claim.

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9
Q

Illegal Immigration

A

A person who arrives in a country without permission

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10
Q

Why are people moving to the UK?

A
  • lower tax rate
  • free healthcare
  • asylum seeking
  • closer to family
  • might be escaping war
  • guns aren’t illegal without a licence
  • better education
  • natural resources
  • it is easier to migrate to the UK
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11
Q

How do you work out the percentage increase?

A

1) Work out the difference between the twin numbers
2) divide the increase of by the number of immigrants in the 2001 census
3) multiply the answer by 100 to get the percentage increase

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12
Q

What are the positives of a country of origin that loses migrants

A
  • if the country is over populated or over crowded the out migration can reduce pressure on the country
  • migrants can send money back to their country of origin known as retturances which is a form of foreign exchange for that country
  • returning migrants can return with money and skills
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13
Q

What are the negatives of a country of origin that loses migrants

A
  • The most skilled and young move this is known as a ‘brain drain’ which can badly affect public services and the economy.
  • there is less money raised in tax revenues
  • families and communities are affected
  • there are often gender imbalances as it is often males who move
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14
Q

What are the positives of a destination country (the country that gains the migrants)

A
  • Skill gaps and work in industries that the indigenous population do not want to do are filled
  • the economy of the country often gains as companies have the best people in the correct places
  • public services can benefit look at the number of foreign nationals in the NHS for example
  • government tax revenues go up
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15
Q

What are the negatives of a destination country (a country that gains immigrants)

A
  • pressure can be put on the public services and infrastructure from increasing population size
  • language and cultural barriers can exist
  • friction and racism can develop between the host population and the migrant groups
  • locals can miss out on job opportunities because of increased competition from migrants
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16
Q

Persecution

A

Treating people badly because of their beliefs or race.

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17
Q

Descendants

A

Relative born after someone such as children or grandchildren

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18
Q

Choropleth map is a map that is shaded according to a range of values presented in a key. They are shaded in using one colour, the darker shades represent higher numbers and the lighter shades represent lower numbers.

A

A chloropleth map

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19
Q

Where is the Asian population mostly distributed in Birmingham?

A

In the centre

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20
Q

Compare the population distribution from white people to Asians in Birmingham:

A

Most of the distribution of the Asian population is in the centre of Birmingham where as most of the white population is in the north and south of Birmingham. In some places in the centre of Birmingham the population of Asian people is over 70% and in some places in the North and South of Birmingham the percentage of white people is over 85%

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21
Q

Why is there a high concentration of Asian population in the centre of Birmingham?

A
  • they are attracted to areas where families and friends have settled
  • they are attracted to areas where there is a strong sense of an Asian community
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22
Q

Give three pull factors that mean Asia/Asian British people migrate to Leicester:

A
  • One pull factor is culture and religion. Leicester has many festivals and religious ceremonies. This city also has a cathedral, several mosques, Hindu temples and other religious buildings. This is a pull factor for Asian/Asian British people to migrate to Leicester because they may feel more welcome and more at home if they are coming from places like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh etc.
  • another pull factor is education. Most UK cities have universities and colleges which attract students from across the world. The University of Leicester and De Montfort University are both in Leicester. These are pull factors because the younger generation may want to move somewhere with a higher education standard.
  • One more pull factor is employment. Over 12% of Lesters jobs are still in manufacturing. Walkers, the crisp manufacturer is one large employer. This may be a pull factor for people who are in need or of employment or people Who are in need of a job to provide for themselves and their family.
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23
Q

Why has Leicester grown to become one of UK’s largest cities?

A
  • there would have be lots of natural resources for example there is a river very nearby. The RELIEF or shape of the land is flat allowing buildings to be built.
  • it has excellent transport links. In the past, Leicester was at the junction of the important trading routes (road and canal) across England. Today people can get from Leicester To London in 70mins by train.
  • it is the heart of an important region.
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24
Q

Urbanisation:

A

When an increasing percentage of a country’s population moves to towns and cities.

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25
Q

Urban

A

In a town or city

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26
Q

Compare Kings Norton to Sparkbrook:

A

In Kings Norton the percentage of white people is 86% where as it is 15% in Sparkbrook. Therefore, Sparkbrook is more ethnically diverse.

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27
Q

Compare Leicester with the East Midlands:

A

Leicester is a far more diverse place than the East Midlands. Leicester has more than double the percentage of Asian/Asian British people. Leicester has a lower percentage of white people than the East Midlands because of the diversity.

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28
Q

What is internal migration?

A

Internal migration involves moving from one part of a country to another part of a country.

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29
Q

Give three reasons people move within the UK?

A

Job opportunities
Education
To move from a rural area to an urban area

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30
Q

Why does the South West attract people from other UK regions?

A
  • Good rural areas

- It is well served by railway, motorway and air transport systems so it has food transport links.

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31
Q

Why is London experiencing a negative net flow?

A

The accommodation and lifestyle is extremely expensive and people may want a cheaper life. Also people may want to move to rural areas.

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32
Q

Rural:

A

In the countryside

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33
Q

Commute

A

To travel to and from another replace to work

34
Q

Commuter village

A

A village often with housing estates close to a town or city. People live there but commute to elsewhere.

35
Q

Village

A

A community with a variety of houses some shops and other services.

36
Q

What are the differences between a hamlet and village?

A

A difference between a village and a hamlet is that there are more services in a village e.g. shops, offices etc. and a hamlet has extremely few or no services. Another difference is that villages are usually near or within towns whereas hamlets are a cluster of houses that is very isolated. One more difference is that villages are usually within a town whereas hamlets are an isolated cluster of houses. One more difference is that in villages there are usually a variety of houses e.g. bungalows and there are usually more houses in a village.

37
Q

What are the advantages of living in a rural area?

A
  • Less pollution
  • peaceful and calm
  • farming
  • good vegetation
  • housing is cheaper
  • picturesque landscape
  • less crowded
  • more local
38
Q

Disadvantages of living in a rural area?

A
  • longer commutes to work
  • not as many services as a town or city
  • lonely
  • fewer houses than in towns
  • housing can sometimes be very expensive
  • very isolated
  • far fewer job opportunities than town and cities
39
Q

Urban-rural migration/counter urbanisation

A

Involves people leaving urban areas e.g. towns and cities and migrating to urban areas

40
Q

Urban pushes

A
  • the city could be perceived as a risky, unhealthy and ugly place
  • urban areas can be overcrowded
  • high house prices
  • noise pollution
  • pollution
  • overcrowded schools
  • high crime rates
41
Q

Rural pulls

A
  • the countryside is perceived as a safe, healthy place
  • it is calm and peaceful
  • nature
  • picturesque cottages
  • social order
  • improved air quality
  • less crime and if there it is not as severe as urban areas
42
Q

Thé cause of weather

A
  • the sun heats the earth unevenly
  • earth in turn warms the air, which rises
  • rising air leads to wind, because air from a colder place flows in to replace it
  • the suns heat also causes water to evaporate, giving water vapour
  • when the air rises it cools so the water vapour condenses giving clouds of water droplets. Droplets join to make larger drops, which falls as rain (or snow, or sleet, or hailstones)
43
Q

How does snow, hail or occur?

A

If the air is very cold, the water droplets may fall as snow, or sleet, or hailstones. It depends on the air temperatures.

44
Q

How is there fog, mist and dew?

A

Water vapour May also condense lower down in the air. For example, in chilly weather, it may condense all around us as fog. Or it may hang in the air as mist. Or condense on grass and leaves over night, as dew. Mist and dew evaporate again in the sunshine.

45
Q

How does the sun heat the earth?

A

The sun heats earth. But it does not heat earth evenly, because earth is round. The top and bottom don’t warm up much. Earth in turn heats the air. The warm air rises. Air from a colder place then flows in to replace it, as wind. (Wind is just air in the move).

46
Q

Does the sun warm the ocean?

A

The sun also warms the ocean. This causes water to evaporate to give a gas, water vapour. That gas plays a big part in weather. The water vapour mixes through the air, helped by wind. So there is some in the air around you, even if you are miles from water.

47
Q

What happens when air rises?

A

Now look what happens when air rises. It cools, which causes the water vapour to condense again, into clouds of tiny water droplets. The tiny droplets May join to form bigger drops. When these grow heavy enough, they fall from the sky as rain. It might rain all day.

48
Q

How many layers is the atmosphere divided into?

A

5

49
Q

What is the 1st layer of the atmosphere?

A

The 1st layer is the troposphere and it contains half of the Earths atmosphere. Weather occurs in this layer.

50
Q

What is the 2nd layer of the atmosphere?

A

It is the stratosphere. Many airplanes fly in the stratosphere, because it is very stable. Also, the ozone layer absorbs harmful rays from the sun.

51
Q

What is the 3rd layer of the atmosphere?

A

It is the mesosphere. Meteors or rock fragments burn up in the mesosphere.

52
Q

What is the 4th layer of the atmosphere?

A

The 4th layer is the thermosphere. It’s the layers with auroras and where the space shuttles orbit.

53
Q

What is the 5th layer of the atmosphere?

A

It’s the exosphere. This is the layer where the atmosphere merged into space. This slayer is extremely thin.

54
Q

Air mass

A

An air mass is a big lump of atmosphere. Air masses are responsible for bringing different types of weather

55
Q

What is the prevailing wind?

A

It is the more dominant air mass

56
Q

What is a jet stream?

A

Jet streams are bonds of strong winds which normally travel from west to east. Jet streams are high in the atmosphere. They can travel up to 250mph.

57
Q

Polar maritime air mass

A

From Greenland, Arctic Sea

Cold, wet air brings cold showery weather.

58
Q

Arctic maritime air mass

A

From Arctic

Cold, wet air brings snow in the winter

59
Q

Polar continental air mass

A

From Central Europe

Hot air brings dry summers. Cold air brings snow in winter.

60
Q

Tropical maritime air mass

A

From Atlantic

Warm, moist air cloud, rainy and mild weather

61
Q

Tropical continental air mass

A

From North Africa

Hot, dry air brings hot weather in summer.

62
Q

Suggest the effects the snow had on shops and businesses

A
  • lots of shops have run out of things as stocks might not have been able to get to the shop
  • lots of shops and businesses would have had to close costing the UK shops businesses millions
63
Q

Many people lost electricity, some for several days. Imagine of this happened to you. Suggest the effects this would have had on you and your family:

A

You would not be able to use the fridge and all the food would go off. We would have to use torches to be able to see in the dark.

64
Q

Can you suggest any benefits from the severe winter months?

A

There would be less carbon emissions because of the lack of the use of cars. This could also bring the community together and you would get to know your family better.

65
Q

Where is water stored?

A

River channel
Sea
Lake

66
Q

Give some examples of a water transfer in the the water cycle:

A

Precipitation
Evaporation
Transpiration

67
Q

Give the altitude (height above sea level) of the top of the cumulonimbus cloud?

A

8,600m

68
Q

What type of cloud creates the effect of a halo around the sun?

A

Cirrostratus cloud

69
Q

What you of cloud is commonl associated with thunderstorms?

A

Cumulonimbus cloud

70
Q

What is the water cycle also known as?

A

The hydrological cycle?

71
Q

What is the water cycle?

A

The water cycle is a never ending transfer of water between sea, air and land. The water cycle is a closed system which means no water is added to the system. The amount of water in the cycle stays the same.

72
Q

Inputs

A

Entering the system

73
Q

Flows or transfers

A

Movement in the system

74
Q

Stores

A

Held in the system

75
Q

Outputs

A

Leaving the system

76
Q

Condensation

A

Water changing from a gas to a liquid (water droplets)

77
Q

Transpiration

A

Water released from plant leaves in the atmosphere

78
Q

Groundwater

A

Water held underground in soil or in rock

79
Q

Evaporation

A

Water changing from a liquid to a gas (water vapour)

80
Q

Surface runoff

A

Water flowing over the ground (e.g. river)

81
Q

Water cycle

A

The cycle of water between the oceans, atmosphere and land

82
Q

Reservoirs

A

A large man-made lake which is a certain size and it is where water is stored.

Geography Yr 8 (10 decks)

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