Migration

Question 1

Syrian Crisis

Answer 1

At least 60 million refugees globally

Question 2

Migration

Answer 2

The movement of people from one place to another involving a change of residence and a distinct change to everyday life (rarely solely +ive or -ive experience)

Question 3

Domestic Migration

Answer 3

Rural to urban movement or people moving between different cities/regions

Question 4

International migration

Answer 4

Movement between countries

Question 5

Voluntary Drivers

Answer 5

Explorers, Traders, Settlers, Sojourners, Guest Workers - in search of opportunities

Question 6

Involuntary Drivers

Answer 6

Displacement, Refugees, Asylum Seekers - in search of safety

Question 7

Migration Through History

Answer 7

Migration has long history and is central to the cultural diversification of nation states

Question 8

Push and Pull Factors of Migration

Answer 8

• Expansion of human population
• Need/want for extra resources or space
• The rise and fall of different civilisations
• Escape from conflict, persecution and poverty
• Opportunities provided by technological advancements and cultural shifts

Question 9

Migration as a profound experience

Answer 9

• A fundamental part of history, culture and society
• Process for the spread of ideas, language, goods, technology
• In the 21st century, more people are moving than ever before
  (involve considerable loss and sacrifice but also new opportunities)

Question 10

Migration is an intense and challenging process that involves

Answer 10

• disruption of the ‘taken-for-granted’ aspects of daily life and one’s identity
• ” of support systems and sense of belonging
• a need to adapt and adjust to what is unfamiliar and new
• familial relations can change as when a child interprets for parents
• learning to recognise and response to new forms and social settings
• preserving aspects of one’s culture of origin and related identities

Question 11

Pros for Migrants

Answer 11

New opportunities, learning and personal growth, escape from restrictive traditions, a new start, hope and renewal

Question 12

Cons for Migrants

Answer 12

Disruption and dislocation, status, sense of not belonging, racism and marginalisation, difficulties with integration, unemployment, language barriers, lack of support networks, feelings of grief

Question 13

Pros for Host Communities

Answer 13

A richer more diverse culture, a brain gain, filling of labour shortages, wider international connections, changes to host culture

Question 14

Cons for Host Communities

Answer 14

Competition for jobs, housing and other resources, overcrowding, downward wage pressure, conflict over religion and cultural values

Question 15

Culture Shock

Answer 15

• seeks to explain the disorientation of being in an unfamiliar context
• focuses on early-stage adjustment
• seeks to capture relocation and settlement process
• what is strange, mundane practices, food etc.
• show different stages of emotional or psychological reactions
• reflects the discipline’s fascination with ‘models’ and statistics
  (critique - model can be pathologising)

Question 16

Limitations of Acculturation Theory

Answer 16

• oversimplifies individual and community responses to migration
• largely ignores context - the impacts of particular settings and dynamics of intergroup relations
• largely ignores the practicalities of migrants’ everyday lives
• tends to homogenise cultural groups - differences in access to resources of various groups not explored
• does not explain ways receiving communities include or exclude migrants

Question 17

Marginalisation

Answer 17

To marginalise is to treat a person, group or practice as insignificant, unimportant and peripheral (key factor in underlying disadvantage, discrimination and inequality)

Question 18

Social Identity Theory

Answer 18

• how we come to understand the self in relation to others
• how we gain and maintain group memberships
• importance of a positive self-concept
• a framework for understanding discrimination between groups
• positions psychological processes in specific social, cultural and historical contexts

Question 19

Model minority myth

Answer 19

A minority group whose members are perceived to achieve a higher degree of socioeconomic success than the population average

Question 20

Model minority myth involves

Answer 20

1. Fosters internalised racism within certain Asian communities against other communities of Colour
2. Divides People of Colour
3. Create “good” immigrants and “bad” immigrants
4. Erases Asian Identity
5. It is used to deny racial justice
6. Erases shared histories of oppression and of solidarity