Colonisation

Question 1

Definition of Colonisation

Answer 1

Invasion of an area by a new group and the subjugation and displacement of existing peoples

Question 2

Six stages of cultural domination

Answer 2

• Denial of local language, culture, legal and educational systems
• Destroys local artifacts and desecrates sites
• Denigrates locals
• Cultural practices are tolerated in limited manner
• Settlers draw selectively on elements of indigenous culture (eg. medicine)
• Settles exploits aspects of culture for commercial gain

Question 3

Colonisation not new or finished

Answer 3

• Impacts felt for generations in loss of language, rights, identity, self-efficacy and resources
• Groups work to overcome oppression and exclusion in an ongoing project (teaching Maori language, Maori and Psych Research Unit)

Question 4

Chain of Being

Answer 4

• Religious Hierarchical structure of all matter and life

- Idea of sequential order still pervades (eg. biology and psychology)

Question 5

Diaspora

Answer 5

• Scattered population
• Movement of a population from original homeland
  (eg. Palestinians from Middle East)

Question 6

Acculturation

Answer 6

Processes by which a culture or minority comes to adopt the cultural knowledge, values, practices and language of another group

Question 7

Enculturation

Answer 7

Process of adaption by which people learn values, norms and requirements of a culture and function in it

Question 8

Berry’s (1989) Acculturation Model

Answer 8

Integration
Assimilation
Separation
Marginalisation

Question 9

Integration

Answer 9

A person maintains their own cultural identity while at the same time becomes a participant in the host culture

Question 10

Assimilation

Answer 10

A person gives up their own cultural identity and becomes absorbed into the host culture

Question 11

Separation

Answer 11

A person maintains their own cultural identity and rejects involvement with host culture

Question 12

Marginalisation

Answer 12

A person does not identify with or participate in either their own culture or the host culture

Question 13

Critiques of Berry’s Model

Answer 13

• Occurs through ongoing contact and involves resocialisation
  > changing a person’s personality by controlling environment
  > total institution: people are severed from wider community
• Minimizes the role of the dominant group

Question 14

Indigenous perspectives in Psychology

Answer 14

• US psych grew in standing, reach and dominance
• Indigenous psychologies unlearn Western assumption as part of developing relevant versions
• Exploration of Maori customs such as tapu, mate Maori and makutu

Question 15

Indigenous Methods

Answer 15

• Applications of cultural concepts to decolonise research
• Building trust over time through frequent visits
• Concept of shared identity central to practices through which locals treat other people

Question 16

Emic

Answer 16

Developing insights and methods from within one’s culture and giving voice to indigenous realities

Question 17

Etic

Answer 17

Indigenous psychologies adapting existing insights and methods from outside their cultures for use in local contexts

Question 18

Emic and Etic Relationship

Answer 18

Symbiotic - knowledge is produced by drawing insights from both inside and outside