Colonisation Flashcards
Definition of Colonisation
Invasion of an area by a new group and the subjugation and displacement of existing peoples
Six stages of cultural domination
- Denial of local language, culture, legal and educational systems
- Destroys local artifacts and desecrates sites
- Denigrates locals
- Cultural practices are tolerated in limited manner
- Settlers draw selectively on elements of indigenous culture (eg. medicine)
- Settles exploits aspects of culture for commercial gain
Colonisation not new or finished
- Impacts felt for generations in loss of language, rights, identity, self-efficacy and resources
- Groups work to overcome oppression and exclusion in an ongoing project (teaching Maori language, Maori and Psych Research Unit)
Chain of Being
- Religious Hierarchical structure of all matter and life
- Idea of sequential order still pervades (eg. biology and psychology)
Diaspora
- Scattered population
- Movement of a population from original homeland
(eg. Palestinians from Middle East)
Acculturation
Processes by which a culture or minority comes to adopt the cultural knowledge, values, practices and language of another group
Enculturation
Process of adaption by which people learn values, norms and requirements of a culture and function in it
Berry’s (1989) Acculturation Model
Integration
Assimilation
Separation
Marginalisation
Integration
A person maintains their own cultural identity while at the same time becomes a participant in the host culture
Assimilation
A person gives up their own cultural identity and becomes absorbed into the host culture
Separation
A person maintains their own cultural identity and rejects involvement with host culture
Marginalisation
A person does not identify with or participate in either their own culture or the host culture
Critiques of Berry’s Model
- Occurs through ongoing contact and involves resocialisation
> changing a person’s personality by controlling environment
> total institution: people are severed from wider community - Minimizes the role of the dominant group
Indigenous perspectives in Psychology
- US psych grew in standing, reach and dominance
- Indigenous psychologies unlearn Western assumption as part of developing relevant versions
- Exploration of Maori customs such as tapu, mate Maori and makutu
Indigenous Methods
- Applications of cultural concepts to decolonise research
- Building trust over time through frequent visits
- Concept of shared identity central to practices through which locals treat other people
Emic
Developing insights and methods from within one’s culture and giving voice to indigenous realities
Etic
Indigenous psychologies adapting existing insights and methods from outside their cultures for use in local contexts
Emic and Etic Relationship
Symbiotic - knowledge is produced by drawing insights from both inside and outside
