migration Flashcards
how many migrants moved to the uk in 2014
641,000
give a statistic that demonstrates a key injustice of migration
according to the International Organisation on Migration, 3279 died at sea attempting to migrate in 2014
why is now a significant time for migration to europe
Europe is experiencing the biggest refugee crisis since WW11
what are the tope two destinations in Europe for migrants
Germany, Sweden
which are the tope two countries that migrants leave globally
Syria and Afghanistan
what are the definitions of long term migration and short term migration
long term migration= moving to a country for over a year
short term migration= moving to a country for at least three months but less than a year
give a statistic that demonstrates the UK’s positive net-migration
in 2013, 5.1 million people living in the UK lived abroad whilst 7.8 million people born abroad lived in the UK
what are the top three factors resulting in emigration
- employment opportunities
- retirement
- family reunification
what were the two EU countries with the largest net migration gain in 2013 and what is the reason for this
Germany- allowed free migration fro countries like Syria due to a natural population decrease
Italy- geographical location is closest to most migrants
what percentage of the world’s population live outside of their country of origin
3.3%
what is the term for the quantity of migrants living in a country
migrant stock
how many countries globally track their migrant flows
only 50
who are the tiger states
Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore
what scales can migration flows take place
internal, regional, continental, trans-continental
what are two trans-continental examples of significant migrant flows
latin American- spain and portugal
East Asia- USA
what is the top migration destination for people born in the uk in 2013
Australia
define immigration and emigration
emigration- permanent departure of a person from one country to another
immigration-entrance of a person into a country with the aim of living their permanently
define innovative and conservative migration
innovative= a migrant adopts a new way of life and different customs at their new destination conservative= preserves an accustomed way of life in new surroundings
what are the five different types of migration
- primitive migration- in response to environmental conditions
- forced migration- compulsory transfer of a group of people
- impelled migration- similar to forced migration but it differs in that migrants retain some ability to decide whether to move or not
- free migration- individual movements for economic betterment
- mass migration- entire communities moving in mass without being fully informed on an individual basis of what to expect
what is the world’s largest bilateral corridor
south-south migration
what percentage of global migrants are south- south
36%
how much of global remittances were sent between countries in the south
2/3 of global remittances were sent between countries in the global south
describe a significant south-south bilateral corridor
Bangladesh- India is the world’s 3rd largest bilateral flow with 3.3 million migrants
give four key reasons as to why south- south migration is so popular
- strict administrative barriers prohibiting migrants from entering the global north
- fast growing economies is the south which offer employment opportunities
- language
- less expensive
what is a migrant destination that exemplifies the demand for young labourers and how many migrants entered this country in 2013
United Arab Emirates, 7.83 million migrants in 2013
how many migrants in 2013 were female in developed countries compared to undeveloped countries
in 2013, 52% of all migrants were female compared to 46% in undeveloped countries
what migration policy does brazil have
an open door policy
what are the top emigration destinations from Brazil and how many people left brazil to enter these countries in 2013
USA and Japan, in 2013 around 370,000 emigrated from Brazil to each of these destinations.
what type of net migration does brazil have
negative net migration
what are the top migrant source countries in Brazil
Japan an Portugal
what economic group is Brazil part of
BRIC’s
what is Brazil’s global economic rank
7th largest economy globally
what percentages of Brazil’s GDP are from agriculture, industry, and services
6% of agriculture, 25% from industry, 69% from services
how does Brazil make it easier for Haitians to migrant to Brazil
The National Immigration Council for Brazil enables Haitians to obtain visas relatively easily in Haiti, thereby reducing their vulnerability to trafficking networks.
what disasters has Haiti experienced that have acted as push factors
the 2010 earthquake, cholera epidemic and hurricane sandy in 2012
explain two ways migration has contributed to economic growth in brazil
-emigration to USA, Japan and other countries has resulted in significant remittances being sent back to Brazil, making up 0.1% of Brazils total GDP in 2014
describe two areas of social inequality in brazil
- spatial inequality with rural areas and the favelas experiencing more deprivation
- there is prejudice and discrimination in the labour market, particularly against black and indigenous populations
why is there a strong bilateral flow between brazil and japan
Japanese migrants have long been drawn to the agricultural and industrial sectors in brazil, thus many brazillians are of japanese heritage, meaning that there are strong cultural links between the two countries
give a statistic that depicts how immigration from brazil has slowed in the last fifteen years.
there are 80,000 fewer immigrants living in brazil than at the start of the century
give a statistic that demonstrates how emigration from bazil has increased in recent years
in 2013, 7.7 million brazilians lived abroad, compared to 0.98 million in the year 2000
describe brazil’s bilateral relationship with Portugal in three points
- brazil was a former colony of portugal
- for economic migrants, portugal has become a gateway to the EU
- shared language, ancestry and family ties
explain brazil’s bilateral relationship with the USA in three points
- low-skilled economic migrants from brazil work in the US, sending significant remittances back to their country of origin
- highly skilled Brazilians are increasingly finding employment opportunities in the US
- The USA has negotiated agreements with Brazil regarding agriculture, trade, finance, education and defence.
