global governance in an area of conflict- Afghanistan

Question 1

explain the physical geography of Afghanistan

Answer 1

Afghanistan is a landlocked, mountainous country in SW Asia

Question 2

what is the predominant factor that has held back Afghanistan’s development

Answer 2

political unrest

Question 3

where did Afghanistan rank in the 2019 Human Development Index

Answer 3

170th out of 189 countries

Question 4

what was Afghanistan’s infant mortality rate in 2019

Answer 4

48 per 1000 live births

Question 5

what percentage of men and women in Afghanistan are literate

Answer 5

66% of men, 37% of women

Question 6

what is Afghanistan’s population

Answer 6

37 million

Question 7

give a statistic that shows the breadth of absolute poverty in Afghanistan

Answer 7

55% of the population live on less than US$1 per day (the World Bank’s definition of absolute poverty)

Question 8

what is most of Afghanistan’s population employed in and what percentage of the labour force works in this sector

Answer 8

agriculture, 44% of the labour force work in this sector

Question 9

explain Afghanistan’s history of conflict in five points

Answer 9

1. Soviet Union invaded in 1979
2. Civil war in 1992-2001
3. The Taliban were in control of 90% of the country before 2001, despite not being recognised as a legitimate government
4. After 2001 the Taliban was overthrown by the USA
5. 2021 resurgence of the Taliban

Question 10

give eight key examples of reoccuring human rights violations in Afghanistan

Answer 10

1. large scale suicide attacks in urban areas
2. indiscriminate attacks by insurgents
3. domestic violence towards women
4. inequality in access to employment, health services and education
5. disruption of the 2019 presidential election
6. attacks on journalists
7. attacks on healthcare providers
8. attacks on human rights defenders

Question 11

which UN mission works specifically in Afghanistan

Answer 11

The United Nations Association (UNA) Assistance Mission in Afghanistan, which was established in 2002

Question 12

what are four aims of the UNA Assistance Mission in Afghanistan

Answer 12

1. Promote respect for international humanitarian and human rights laws
2. promote accountability
3. Implement the freedoms and human rights provisions in the Afghan constitution
4. achieve full enjoyment of their human rights for displaced people, women, and returning refugees

Question 13

what two bodies has the Afghan government joined to help promote economic growth

Answer 13

the Economic Cooperation Organisation and the South Asia Association for Regional Cooperation

Question 14

give two examples of laws that the Afghan government has passed to help protect human rights

Answer 14

The Elimination of Violence Against Women Law 2009, and passing a law which removed the quota for the number of women in the Afghan parliament

Question 15

how many parliamentary seats are held by women in Afghanistan

Answer 15

63 out of 320 seats

Question 16

what is an example of an NGO which assists aid in Afghanistan

Answer 16

Afghan Aid

Question 17

what does Afghan Aid focus on and how does it operate

Answer 17

it is most involved in sustainable rural development strategies, and it coordinates with the UN and Afghan Government

Question 18

give a static to demonstrate how global governance ahs resulted in the improvement of educational attainment

Answer 18

by 2019, nearly 8.5 million children were attending school, 40% of these were girls

Question 19

give a statistic that demonstrates how access to primary healthcare has improved as a result of global governance strategies

Answer 19

access to primary healthcare has increased to over 82% (up 9% from 2003)

Question 20

give a statistic that demonstrates how life expectancy has increased as a result of global governance

Answer 20

average life expectancy has increased from 55 (2000) to 64 (2020)

Question 21

what is an example rural region where Afghan Aid has completed work

Answer 21

Ghor, one of the most geographically inhospitable regions of Afghanistan

Question 22

give four areas where Afghan Aid’s work has improved Ghor

Answer 22

1. Afghan Aid have introduced more effective agricultural practices
2. Reduced risk of disease by securing safe water supplied and improved hygiene
3. local people have greater freedom, women are more integrated into society
4. local democratic practices have been strengthened by the election of community groups

Question 23

what is a significant urban project that has been undergone in Afghanistan

Answer 23

UN habitat has worked to co-ordinate the upgrade of neighbourhoods in the 33 provincial capitals and Kabul

Question 24

how have local communities experienced deprivation in urban areas

Answer 24

the denial of basic human rights by conflict plus rapid urban growth (economic and security motivated urban-rural migration) has deprived local communities of basic services