Midterms_Immobilized Enzyme Flashcards

1
Q

based on the formation of covalent bonds between the enzyme molecules by means of multifunctional reagents, leading to three dimensional cross linked aggregates

A

Cross-linking process/Copolymerization

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2
Q

Strong linkage of enzyme to the support

A

Covalent bonding technique

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3
Q

The carrier is placed into the reactor and enzyme solution is transferred to the reactor with agitation of the whole content in the reactor

A

Reactor Loading method

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4
Q

The activity of an enzyme toward a high-molecular-weight substrate is usually increases immobilization (True or False).

A

False. Reduced immobilization

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5
Q

Bonds of low-energy are involved (Van der Waals, Hydrogen bonding)

A

Adsorption

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6
Q

Carried out by mixing the biocatalyst into a monomer solution, followed by polymerization initiated by a chemical reaction.

A

Entrapment

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7
Q

May denature or modify the structure of enzyme leading to loss of catalytic properties and not cost-effective method

A

Copolymerization

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8
Q

More complex, require variety of expensive chemicals and time consuming

A

Covalent bonding technique

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9
Q

Carriers used in adsorption can be

A

Mineral-based support, Organic biomolecular based support, Modified ion exchange resin

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10
Q

(True or False) The enzymes are not usually deactivated by adsorption

A

TRue

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11
Q

Covalent bonding can be done by

A
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12
Q

High stability and less chance of desorption of enzyme

A

Copolymerization

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13
Q

It can be reused since it can be easily separated from the reaction solution and can be easily retained in a continuous-flow reactor.

A

Immobilized enzyme

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14
Q

Enzyme is immobilized by allowing it to be in contact with the carrier without agitation

A

Static Method

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15
Q

can be immobilized within semipermeable membrane microcapsules

A

Encapsulation

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16
Q

enzyme is trapped inside the gel, which is formed by the polymer

A

Inclusion in the Gel

17
Q

Leakage of enzyme may be possible

A

Encapsulation

18
Q

cheap and simple and large quantity of enzyme can be immobilized

A

Encapsulation

19
Q

In adsorption technique, it is impossible to separate and purify the enzymes while being immobilize (True or False).

A

True

20
Q

Possibility leakage of low molecular weight enzyme

A

Entrapment

21
Q

Immobilization of an enzyme transforms a homogenous (soluble) catalyst into a heterogeneous (insoluble) system (True or False)

A

True

22
Q

Need optimum condition of pH and ionic strength

A

Adsorption

23
Q

This process typically involves the admixing of enzyme with the carrier under constant agitation

A

Dynamic Method

24
Q

membrane allows free movement in either direction to substrate and products but does not permit enzyme molecules to escape.

A

Encapsulation

25
Q

Most common microcapsules are ________ and _______.

A

polyamines, sodium alginate

26
Q

Carrier is placed in the vicinity of an electrode and the enzymes migrate to carrier in presence of electric current

A

Electro-deposition Method

27
Q

Immobilization does not affect the thermal stability of enzymes (True or False)

A

False. Affects

28
Q

This method utilizes chemical groups present on both enzyme and carrier for immobilization

A

Covalent bonding

29
Q

Restricts the mobility of an enzyme or protein and fixes the enzyme into a state without disturbing its functional ability

A

Enzyme immobilization

30
Q

No chemical modification and easy handling and reusage

A

Entrapment

31
Q

Carriers used in covalent bonding can be

A

[BSPI] Biomolecules, synthetic molecules, protein carriers, inorganic molecules

32
Q

It can affect the functional ability of enzymes by blocking their active site.

A

Adsorption

33
Q

Enzymes are supported on the fibers of the supporting material forming the matrix.

A

Inclusion in fibers

34
Q

Methods of Enzyme Immobilization

A
35
Q

Can reduce the sensitivity of a native enzyme hence increasing the functional efficiency of the enzyme.

A

Enzyme immobilization

36
Q

Polyfunctional reagents used in copolymerization are

A
37
Q

Carriers used in entrapment method can be

A
38
Q

Enzyme is adsorbed on physical outer surface of the support

A

Adsorption