Midterms_Immobilized Enzyme Flashcards
based on the formation of covalent bonds between the enzyme molecules by means of multifunctional reagents, leading to three dimensional cross linked aggregates
Cross-linking process/Copolymerization
Strong linkage of enzyme to the support
Covalent bonding technique
The carrier is placed into the reactor and enzyme solution is transferred to the reactor with agitation of the whole content in the reactor
Reactor Loading method
The activity of an enzyme toward a high-molecular-weight substrate is usually increases immobilization (True or False).
False. Reduced immobilization
Bonds of low-energy are involved (Van der Waals, Hydrogen bonding)
Adsorption
Carried out by mixing the biocatalyst into a monomer solution, followed by polymerization initiated by a chemical reaction.
Entrapment
May denature or modify the structure of enzyme leading to loss of catalytic properties and not cost-effective method
Copolymerization
More complex, require variety of expensive chemicals and time consuming
Covalent bonding technique
Carriers used in adsorption can be
Mineral-based support, Organic biomolecular based support, Modified ion exchange resin
(True or False) The enzymes are not usually deactivated by adsorption
TRue
Covalent bonding can be done by
High stability and less chance of desorption of enzyme
Copolymerization
It can be reused since it can be easily separated from the reaction solution and can be easily retained in a continuous-flow reactor.
Immobilized enzyme
Enzyme is immobilized by allowing it to be in contact with the carrier without agitation
Static Method
can be immobilized within semipermeable membrane microcapsules
Encapsulation
enzyme is trapped inside the gel, which is formed by the polymer
Inclusion in the Gel
Leakage of enzyme may be possible
Encapsulation
cheap and simple and large quantity of enzyme can be immobilized
Encapsulation
In adsorption technique, it is impossible to separate and purify the enzymes while being immobilize (True or False).
True
Possibility leakage of low molecular weight enzyme
Entrapment
Immobilization of an enzyme transforms a homogenous (soluble) catalyst into a heterogeneous (insoluble) system (True or False)
True
Need optimum condition of pH and ionic strength
Adsorption
This process typically involves the admixing of enzyme with the carrier under constant agitation
Dynamic Method
membrane allows free movement in either direction to substrate and products but does not permit enzyme molecules to escape.
Encapsulation
Most common microcapsules are ________ and _______.
polyamines, sodium alginate
Carrier is placed in the vicinity of an electrode and the enzymes migrate to carrier in presence of electric current
Electro-deposition Method
Immobilization does not affect the thermal stability of enzymes (True or False)
False. Affects
This method utilizes chemical groups present on both enzyme and carrier for immobilization
Covalent bonding
Restricts the mobility of an enzyme or protein and fixes the enzyme into a state without disturbing its functional ability
Enzyme immobilization
No chemical modification and easy handling and reusage
Entrapment
Carriers used in covalent bonding can be
[BSPI] Biomolecules, synthetic molecules, protein carriers, inorganic molecules
It can affect the functional ability of enzymes by blocking their active site.
Adsorption
Enzymes are supported on the fibers of the supporting material forming the matrix.
Inclusion in fibers
Methods of Enzyme Immobilization
Can reduce the sensitivity of a native enzyme hence increasing the functional efficiency of the enzyme.
Enzyme immobilization
Polyfunctional reagents used in copolymerization are
Carriers used in entrapment method can be
Enzyme is adsorbed on physical outer surface of the support
Adsorption
