Midterms_Immobilized Enzyme

Question 1

based on the formation of covalent bonds between the enzyme molecules by means of multifunctional reagents, leading to three dimensional cross linked aggregates

Answer 1

Cross-linking process/Copolymerization

Question 2

Strong linkage of enzyme to the support

Answer 2

Covalent bonding technique

Question 3

The carrier is placed into the reactor and enzyme solution is transferred to the reactor with agitation of the whole content in the reactor

Answer 3

Reactor Loading method

Question 4

The activity of an enzyme toward a high-molecular-weight substrate is usually increases immobilization (True or False).

Answer 4

False. Reduced immobilization

Question 5

Bonds of low-energy are involved (Van der Waals, Hydrogen bonding)

Answer 5

Adsorption

Question 6

Carried out by mixing the biocatalyst into a monomer solution, followed by polymerization initiated by a chemical reaction.

Answer 6

Entrapment

Question 7

May denature or modify the structure of enzyme leading to loss of catalytic properties and not cost-effective method

Answer 7

Copolymerization

Question 8

More complex, require variety of expensive chemicals and time consuming

Answer 8

Covalent bonding technique

Question 9

Carriers used in adsorption can be

Answer 9

Mineral-based support, Organic biomolecular based support, Modified ion exchange resin

Question 10

(True or False) The enzymes are not usually deactivated by adsorption

Answer 10

TRue

Question 11

Covalent bonding can be done by

Question 12

High stability and less chance of desorption of enzyme

Answer 12

Copolymerization

Question 13

It can be reused since it can be easily separated from the reaction solution and can be easily retained in a continuous-flow reactor.

Answer 13

Immobilized enzyme

Question 14

Enzyme is immobilized by allowing it to be in contact with the carrier without agitation

Answer 14

Static Method

Question 15

can be immobilized within semipermeable membrane microcapsules

Answer 15

Encapsulation

Question 16

enzyme is trapped inside the gel, which is formed by the polymer

Answer 16

Inclusion in the Gel

Question 17

Leakage of enzyme may be possible

Answer 17

Encapsulation

Question 18

cheap and simple and large quantity of enzyme can be immobilized

Answer 18

Encapsulation

Question 19

In adsorption technique, it is impossible to separate and purify the enzymes while being immobilize (True or False).

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Possibility leakage of low molecular weight enzyme

Answer 20

Entrapment

Question 21

Immobilization of an enzyme transforms a homogenous (soluble) catalyst into a heterogeneous (insoluble) system (True or False)

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Need optimum condition of pH and ionic strength

Answer 22

Adsorption

Question 23

This process typically involves the admixing of enzyme with the carrier under constant agitation

Answer 23

Dynamic Method

Question 24

membrane allows free movement in either direction to substrate and products but does not permit enzyme molecules to escape.

Answer 24

Encapsulation

Question 25

Most common microcapsules are ________ and _______.

Answer 25

polyamines, sodium alginate

Question 26

Carrier is placed in the vicinity of an electrode and the enzymes migrate to carrier in presence of electric current

Answer 26

Electro-deposition Method

Question 27

Immobilization does not affect the thermal stability of enzymes (True or False)

Answer 27

False. Affects

Question 28

This method utilizes chemical groups present on both enzyme and carrier for immobilization

Answer 28

Covalent bonding

Question 29

Restricts the mobility of an enzyme or protein and fixes the enzyme into a state without disturbing its functional ability

Answer 29

Enzyme immobilization

Question 30

No chemical modification and easy handling and reusage

Answer 30

Entrapment

Question 31

Carriers used in covalent bonding can be

Answer 31

[BSPI] Biomolecules, synthetic molecules, protein carriers, inorganic molecules

Question 32

It can affect the functional ability of enzymes by blocking their active site.

Answer 32

Adsorption

Question 33

Enzymes are supported on the fibers of the supporting material forming the matrix.

Answer 33

Inclusion in fibers

Question 34

Methods of Enzyme Immobilization

Answer 34

[ACEC]: Adsorption, covalent bonding, entrapment/encapsulation, cross linking

Question 35

Can reduce the sensitivity of a native enzyme hence increasing the functional efficiency of the enzyme.

Answer 35

Enzyme immobilization

Question 36

Polyfunctional reagents used in copolymerization are

Answer 36

[GDHN]: Glutaraldehyde, Diazonium salt, hexamethylenedisocyanate, N-N'ethylenebismaleimide

Question 37

Carriers used in entrapment method can be

Answer 37

[SN]: synthetic and naturally derived gels

Question 38

Enzyme is adsorbed on physical outer surface of the support

Answer 38

Adsorption