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HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > MIDTERMS01: LECTURE > Flashcards

MIDTERMS01: LECTURE Flashcards

1
Q

5 FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

A

(1) Body support, (2) Organ protect, (3) Body movement, (4) Mineral storage, (5) Blood cell production

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2
Q

4 Components of Skeletal System

A

Bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments

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3
Q

What is the 35% organic of bone?

A

Primarily collagen and proteoglycans

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4
Q

What is the 65% inorganic material of bone?

A

Primarily a calcium phosphate crystal called hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 - calcium

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5
Q

Responsible for the formations of bone and repair and remodeling of bone. (Young cell)

A

Osteoblast

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6
Q

Formation of new bones by osteoblast

A

Ossification

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7
Q

Cells that maintains bone matrix and form osteoblast after bone matrix surrounded it

A

Osteocytes

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8
Q

House within the bone matrix in spaces

A

Lacunae

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9
Q

Their cell extensions are housed in narrow, long soaced

A

Canaliculi

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10
Q

Bone destroying cells

A

Osteoclast

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11
Q

What is mature bone called?

A

Lamellae

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12
Q

A bone that has less matrix and more spaces within the bone

A

Spongy bone

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13
Q

Spongy bone consist of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called?

A

Trabeculae

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14
Q

The solid outer layer surrounding each bone

A

Compact bone

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15
Q

The center portion of bone which is composed of compact bone surrounding a hollow center called?

A

Diaphysis

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16
Q

surrounding a hollow center

A

Medullar cavity

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17
Q

Ends of long bone

A

Epiphyses

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18
Q

Spongy bone consist of interconnecting rods or plates of bones

A

Trabeculae

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19
Q

Cavities in spongy bone and the medullary cavity in the diaphysis are filled with what?

A

Soft tissue called Marrow

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20
Q

Outer surface of bone is covered by a connective tissue membrane called?

A

Periosteum

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21
Q

This starts within embryonic connective tissue membrane

A

Intramembranous ossification

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22
Q

Starts with a cartilage model

A

Endochondral ossification

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23
Q

How many bones does human body have?

A

206

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24
Q

Bones segregate into two:

A

Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton

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25
Q

Consists of bones of the skull, the auditory ossicles, the hyoid bone, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage

A

Axial Skeleton

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26
Q

Bones that are approximately wide as they are long like wrist and ankle

A

Short Bones

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27
Q

Bones are longer than they are wide like upper and lower limb bones

A

Long Bones

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28
Q

Bone that is relatively thin, fattened shape examples are skull and sternum

A

Flat Bones

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29
Q

Bones include vertebrae and facial bones which have shapes that do not fit readily into other three categories

A

Irregular bones

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30
Q

The lower jawbone and the only movable skull bone

A

Mandible

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31
Q

Four bone shapes

A

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular

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32
Q

Medial surfaces of eye orbits

A

Lacrimal bones

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33
Q

Form bridge of nose

A

Nasal bones

34
Q

Several of bones associated with the nasal cavity have large cavities within them

A

Paranasal sinuses

35
Q

In midline of nasal cavity and forms nasal septum with the ethmoid bone

A

Vomer

36
Q

Cheek bones, also form floor and lateral wall of each eye orbit

A

Zygomatic bones

37
Q

Form posterior portion of hard palate, lateral wall of nasal cavity

A

Palatine bones

38
Q

Forms the upper jaw, anterior portion of hard palate, part of lateral walls of nasal cavity, floors of eye orbits

A

Maxilla

39
Q

An unpaired, u-shaped bone that is not part of skull and has no direct bony attachment to skull or any other bones

A

Hyoid bones

40
Q

It curves anteriorly

A

Cervical region

41
Q

It curves posteriorly

A

Thoracic region

42
Q

It curves anteriorly

A

Lumbar region

43
Q

Give the 4 paranasal sinuses

A

Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Maxillary

44
Q

In adult it usually consist of __ individual bones, grouped into __ regions

A

26 & 5

45
Q

Supports body weight and protects spinal cord

A

Vertebral Column

46
Q

The centra; axis of skeleton, extending from the base of skull to slightly past the end of pelvis

A

Vertebral Column

47
Q

What is the first vertebrae that holds head

A

Atlas

47
Q

What is the second vertebrae that rotates head

A

Axis

48
Q

How many cervical vertebrae?

A

7 (C1-C7)

49
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae?

A

12 (T1-T12)

50
Q

How many Lumbar vertebrae?

A

5 (L1-L5)

51
Q

Not attached to sternum

A

Floating ribs

52
Q

These are attached directly to sternum by cartilage

A

True ribs

53
Q

These are indirectly attached to sternum by cartilage

A

False ribs

54
Q

Protects vital organs and is 12 pair of ribs

A

Thoracic cage

55
Q

Shoulder blade

A

Scapula

56
Q

Collar bone

A

Clavicle

57
Q

Upper portion of forelimb

A

Humerus

58
Q

Thigh

A

Femur

59
Q

Kneecap

A

Patella

60
Q

Larger bone of leg

A

Tibia

61
Q

Smaller bone of leg

A

Fibula

62
Q

Ankle

A

Tarsals

62
Q

Foot

A

Metatarsals

63
Q

Inferior and posterior region of hip bone

A

Ischium

63
Q

Most superior region of hip bone

A

Ilium

63
Q

Toes and fingers

A

Phalanges

64
Q

Hip socket (joint) of hip bone

A

Acetabulum

65
Q

Includes pelvic gridle and coccynx

A

Pelvis

66
Q

Two bones come together

A

Articulation (joints)

67
Q

United by fibrous connective tissue

A

Fibrous joint

68
Q

3 classification of joints

A

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial

69
Q

United by means of cartilage

A

Cartilaginous

70
Q

Joined by fluid cavity

A

Synovial

71
Q

Slightly movable joint

A

Amphiarthrosis

72
Q

Freely movable joint

A

Diarthrosis

73
Q

Non-movable joint

A

Synarthrosis

74
Q
A
75
Q
A
75
Q
A
76
Q
A
77
Q
A

HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (4 decks)

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