MIDTERMS01: LECTURE Flashcards
5 FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM
(1) Body support, (2) Organ protect, (3) Body movement, (4) Mineral storage, (5) Blood cell production
4 Components of Skeletal System
Bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments
What is the 35% organic of bone?
Primarily collagen and proteoglycans
What is the 65% inorganic material of bone?
Primarily a calcium phosphate crystal called hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 - calcium
Responsible for the formations of bone and repair and remodeling of bone. (Young cell)
Osteoblast
Formation of new bones by osteoblast
Ossification
Cells that maintains bone matrix and form osteoblast after bone matrix surrounded it
Osteocytes
House within the bone matrix in spaces
Lacunae
Their cell extensions are housed in narrow, long soaced
Canaliculi
Bone destroying cells
Osteoclast
What is mature bone called?
Lamellae
A bone that has less matrix and more spaces within the bone
Spongy bone
Spongy bone consist of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called?
Trabeculae
The solid outer layer surrounding each bone
Compact bone
The center portion of bone which is composed of compact bone surrounding a hollow center called?
Diaphysis
surrounding a hollow center
Medullar cavity
Ends of long bone
Epiphyses
Spongy bone consist of interconnecting rods or plates of bones
Trabeculae
Cavities in spongy bone and the medullary cavity in the diaphysis are filled with what?
Soft tissue called Marrow
Outer surface of bone is covered by a connective tissue membrane called?
Periosteum
This starts within embryonic connective tissue membrane
Intramembranous ossification
Starts with a cartilage model
Endochondral ossification
How many bones does human body have?
206
Bones segregate into two:
Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton
Consists of bones of the skull, the auditory ossicles, the hyoid bone, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage
Axial Skeleton
Bones that are approximately wide as they are long like wrist and ankle
Short Bones
Bones are longer than they are wide like upper and lower limb bones
Long Bones
Bone that is relatively thin, fattened shape examples are skull and sternum
Flat Bones
Bones include vertebrae and facial bones which have shapes that do not fit readily into other three categories
Irregular bones
The lower jawbone and the only movable skull bone
Mandible
Four bone shapes
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular
Medial surfaces of eye orbits
Lacrimal bones
Form bridge of nose
Nasal bones
Several of bones associated with the nasal cavity have large cavities within them
Paranasal sinuses
In midline of nasal cavity and forms nasal septum with the ethmoid bone
Vomer
Cheek bones, also form floor and lateral wall of each eye orbit
Zygomatic bones
Form posterior portion of hard palate, lateral wall of nasal cavity
Palatine bones
Forms the upper jaw, anterior portion of hard palate, part of lateral walls of nasal cavity, floors of eye orbits
Maxilla
An unpaired, u-shaped bone that is not part of skull and has no direct bony attachment to skull or any other bones
Hyoid bones
It curves anteriorly
Cervical region
It curves posteriorly
Thoracic region
It curves anteriorly
Lumbar region
Give the 4 paranasal sinuses
Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Maxillary
In adult it usually consist of __ individual bones, grouped into __ regions
26 & 5
Supports body weight and protects spinal cord
Vertebral Column
The centra; axis of skeleton, extending from the base of skull to slightly past the end of pelvis
Vertebral Column
What is the first vertebrae that holds head
Atlas
What is the second vertebrae that rotates head
Axis
How many cervical vertebrae?
7 (C1-C7)
How many thoracic vertebrae?
12 (T1-T12)
How many Lumbar vertebrae?
5 (L1-L5)
Not attached to sternum
Floating ribs
These are attached directly to sternum by cartilage
True ribs
These are indirectly attached to sternum by cartilage
False ribs
Protects vital organs and is 12 pair of ribs
Thoracic cage
Shoulder blade
Scapula
Collar bone
Clavicle
Upper portion of forelimb
Humerus
Thigh
Femur
Kneecap
Patella
Larger bone of leg
Tibia
Smaller bone of leg
Fibula
Ankle
Tarsals
Foot
Metatarsals
Inferior and posterior region of hip bone
Ischium
Most superior region of hip bone
Ilium
Toes and fingers
Phalanges
Hip socket (joint) of hip bone
Acetabulum
Includes pelvic gridle and coccynx
Pelvis
Two bones come together
Articulation (joints)
United by fibrous connective tissue
Fibrous joint
3 classification of joints
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
United by means of cartilage
Cartilaginous
Joined by fluid cavity
Synovial
Slightly movable joint
Amphiarthrosis
Freely movable joint
Diarthrosis
Non-movable joint
Synarthrosis
