MIDTERMS: Research Design + Reliability & Validity Flashcards
A set of instructions guiding data collection and analysis to answer a research question.
research design
Q: What are the types of research?
A: Descriptive, Applied, Quantitative, Conceptual, Empirical, Qualitative, Fundamental, and Analytical research.
Q: What is the main difference between quantitative and qualitative research?
A: Quantitative focuses on numerical data and measurements, while qualitative explores concepts and experiences in depth.
Research that describes the state of affairs as they exist at present.
descriptive research
Research that finds immediate solutions to real-world problems.
applied research
Research that relies on observations and experience rather than theory.
empirical research
Q: What is a longitudinal study?
A: A study that follows the same subjects over a long period of time.
Q: What is the purpose of research design?
A: To provide a plan for answering research questions while ensuring validity and reliability.
Q: What are the parts of research design?
A: Sampling design, observational design, statistical design, and operational design.
Q: What is sampling design?
A: The method for selecting study participants.
Q: What is the Solomon Four-Group Design?
A: A highly valid experimental design involving four groups, two pre-tested and two not pre-tested.
Q: What is a cross-sectional study?
A: A study that collects data at a single point in time.
Q: What is a case study?
A: An in-depth study of a single subject or group.
Q: What is a correlational study?
A: A study examining the relationship between two or more variables.
Q: What is a comparative study?
A: A study that compares two or more groups to identify differences.
Q: What is reliability in research?
A: The consistency of research results across multiple tests.
Q: What is observational design?
A: The conditions under which data collection takes place.
Q: What is validity in research?
A: The accuracy of an instrument in measuring what it is supposed to measure.
Q: What is the difference between reliability and validity?
A: Reliability ensures consistent results, while validity ensures accurate measurement.
Q: What are threats to validity?
A: History, selection bias, testing effects, instrumentation changes, maturation, and mortality.
Q: What is selection bias?
A: A bias that occurs when groups are chosen in a non-random manner.
Q: What is maturation as a threat to validity?
A: The natural changes in participants over time that may influence study results.
Q: How can validity be improved?
A: Through careful study design, proper control of variables, and using validated measurement tools.
