MIDTERMS: Ethical consideration Flashcards
Q: What are the four principles of research ethics?
A: Autonomy (informed consent), beneficence (maximize benefits), non-maleficence (avoid harm), and justice (fair selection of participants).
Q: What is beneficence?
A: Ensuring the research benefits participants or society while minimizing risks.
Q: What is autonomy in research ethics?
A: Respecting participants’ rights to make informed choices about their participation.
Q: What is coercion in research ethics?
A: Pressuring participants to join a study, violating their autonomy.
Q: What is justice in research?
A: Ensuring fairness in participant selection and benefit distribution.
Q: How should researchers protect participant privacy?
A: By keeping personal data confidential and using secure storage methods.
Q: What is informed consent?
A: Participants’ voluntary agreement to join a study after understanding its risks and benefits.
Q: What is undue influence?
A: Offering excessive incentives that pressure participants into joining.
Q: Can informed consent be waived?
A: Yes, if the study poses minimal risk and obtaining consent is impractical.
Q: What is data anonymization?
A: Removing identifiable information from research data.
Q: What is data encryption?
A: Converting information into a secure format to prevent unauthorized access.
Q: Who are vulnerable participants in research?
A: Minors, elderly individuals, people with disabilities, and economically disadvantaged groups.
Q: What is non-maleficence?
A: The obligation to prevent harm to research participants.
Q: What is renewing consent?
A: Seeking updated consent from participants if study conditions change.
Q: What is debriefing in research?
A: Informing participants about study details after their involvement ends.
Q: What must an informed consent form include?
A: Study purpose, risks, benefits, voluntary participation, confidentiality, and contact details.
Q: What is the Data Privacy Act?
A: A law ensuring the protection of personal information in research.
Q: When can vulnerable groups be included in research?
A: When the study benefits them directly and cannot be conducted with non-vulnerable groups.
Q: What is the ethical principle of justice in research?
A: Ensuring fair selection of participants and equitable distribution of risks/benefits.
Q: What is the benefit-risk ratio?
A: Ensuring research benefits outweigh potential risks to participants.
