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PMQA > [MIDTERMS] PMQA LEC - Suspensions > Flashcards

[MIDTERMS] PMQA LEC - Suspensions Flashcards

1
Q

A disperse system in which solid, vehicle-insoluble particles (internal phase) are uniformly suspended by mechanical agitation and formulation design throughout the liquid vehicle (external phase).

A

Suspensions

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2
Q

Two (2) Phases of Suspensions

A
  1. Continuous Phase
  2. Discontinuous Phase
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3
Q

It is also called the External Phase or Dispersion System

A

Continuous Phase

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4
Q

It is also called the Internal Phase or Dispersed Phase

A

Discontinuous Phase

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5
Q

Purposes of Suspensions

A
  • Sustaining Effect
  • Stability
  • Taste
  • Basic Solubility
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6
Q

For sustained release preparation, the suspension necessitates drug dissolution prior to absorption.

A

Sustaining Effect

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7
Q

Drug degradation in suspension or solid dosage forms occurs much more slowly than degradation in solution form.

A

Stability

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8
Q

A drug with unpleasant taste can be converted into an insoluble form and then prepared as suspension.

A

Taste

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9
Q

When suitable solvents are not available. For example, ophthalmic suspensions provide an alternative to ophthalmic solutions.

A

Basic Solubility

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10
Q

(T/F): After gentle shaking, the medicament stays in suspension long enough for the dose to be accurately measured.

A

T

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11
Q

(T/F): Particles are small and relatively uniform in size.

A

T

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12
Q

Three (3) Steps in Ensuring Formulation of Suspension

A
  1. Control Particle Size
  2. Use of Thickeners
  3. Use of Wetting Agent
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13
Q

Diffusible Solids (Dispersible Solids)

A

Insoluble Medicament

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14
Q

Example/s of Diffusible Solids

A

• Light Kaolin
• Magnesium Trisilicate
• Light Magnesium Carbonate
• Bismuth Carbonate

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15
Q

Not Easily Wetted

A

Indiffusible Solids

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16
Q

Example/s of Indiffusible Solids

A

(Internal Use)
• Aspirin
• Chalk
• Phenobarbitone
• Sulphadimine

(External Use)
• Calamine
• Hydrocortisone
• Sulphur
• Zinc Oxide

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17
Q

Four (4) Problems Encountered when Formulating Insoluble Solid to Suspension

A
  1. Sedimentation
  2. Flocculation
  3. Wetting Agent
  4. Preservatives Used
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18
Q

(T/F): The greater the density, the greater the descent.

A

T

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19
Q

Aggregation will determine the type of suspension.

A

Flocculation

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20
Q

To prevent air trapping.

A

Wetting Agent

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21
Q

Preservatives Used

A

• Chloroform Water
• Benzoic Acid
• Hydroxybenzoates

22
Q

Two (2) Types of Suspension System

A
  1. Flocculated System
  2. Deflocculated System
23
Q

It is also known as Coagulated or Colloidally Unstable System

A

Flocculated System

24
Q

It is also known as Peptized or Colloidally Stable System

A

Deflocculated System

25
Q

Particles appear as floccules like tufts of wool with loose fibrous structure. When the system settles two distinct layers forms clear particle free supernatant liquid and sediment. Appears to be coarse, because of the floccules formed. Exhibits minimum serious separation, depending on the solid content and the degree of flocculation that took place.

A

Flocculated System

26
Q

Particles settles as the dense sediment, which becomes more compact after given time interval.

A

Deflocculated System

27
Q

Two (2) Methods of Preparation of Suspensions

A
  1. Discipitation Method
  2. Precipitation Method
28
Q

This process is done by dispersing the finely divided powders in an appropriate liquid vehicle. The use of surfactants is desirable to ensure uniform wetting of the hydrophobic surfaces.

A

Discipitation Method

29
Q

This is performed by effecting precipitation in the liquid vehicle.

A

Precipitation Method

30
Q

Three (3) Methods of Precipitation Methods

A
  1. Organic Solvent Precipitation
  2. Precipitation Effected by Changing the pH
  3. By Double Decomposition Method
31
Q

Water insoluble drugs are precipitated by dissolving them in the water miscible organic solvent. Then adding the organic phase to purified water under standard conditions.

A

Organic Solvent Precipitation

32
Q

This is applicable to those drugs in which its solubility is dependent on pH value.

A

Precipitation Effected by Changing the pH

33
Q

Where simple chemistry is involved. Example is the preparation of White Lotion USP (made by interacting zinc sulfate with sulfurated potash solution to form zinc polysulfide).

A

By Double Decomposition Method

34
Q

Polyoxyethylene Esters of Mixed Fatty Acid Esters of Sorbitol Anhydride

A

Tweens

35
Q

Mixed Fatty Acid Esters of Sorbitol Anhydride

A

Spans

36
Q

Higher Molecular Weight Polyethylene Glycols

A

Carbowax

37
Q

It forms mechanical sheath or barrier around particles.

A

Protective Colloids

38
Q

Example/s of Protective Colloids

A

• Silica Gel
• Aluminum Hydroxide

39
Q

Suspending Agents

A
  1. Hydrophilic Colloids (Hydrocolloids)
  2. Clay Group
  3. Other Agents
40
Q

Increase the viscosity of water by binding water molecules, limiting their mobility or fluidity. It is mostly anionic, except methylcellulose (neutral) and chitosan (cationic).

A

Hydrophilic Colloids (Hydrocolloids)

41
Q

These are incompatible with quarternary antibacterial agents and other positively charged ions.

A

Anionic Hydrocolloids

42
Q

It is incompatible with negatively charged drugs and excipients.

A

Chitosan

43
Q

It is usually 35% dispersion in water (mucilage). Its viscosity is greatest between pH 5 and 9.

A

Acacia

44
Q

It is usually used as 6% dispersion in water (mucilage). The viscosity is greatest at pH 5.

A

Tragacanth

45
Q

A polymer that is nonionic and stable to heat and light.

A

Methylcellulose

46
Q

Example/s of Clay Group

A

• Bentonite
• Veegum

47
Q

They are strongly hydrated and exhibit thixotrophy.

A

Clay Group

48
Q

Certain Kinds of Pharmaceutical Suspensions

A
  1. Gels
  2. Magmas and Milks
  3. Lotions
  4. Mixtures
49
Q

Suspending Agent - 0.5% to 1.0%
Gelling Agent - 0.5% to 2.0%

A

Carbomer

50
Q

It requires high speed equipment and which is suitable for internal and external use.

A

Carbomer

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