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BACTERIOLOGY LECTURE > MIDTERMS: L1 - GRAM POSITIVE COCCI > Flashcards

MIDTERMS: L1 - GRAM POSITIVE COCCI Flashcards

1
Q

T OR F: Gram positive cocci has high peptidoglycan and high level of lipid

A

F

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2
Q

Gram positive cocci are natural inhabitants of ______

A

Skin and Mucous membrane

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3
Q

Characterization of infection of gram positive cocci:

A

Pus, pyogenic infection - Acc. of neutrophils, bacterial cells, fluids at site

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4
Q

Staphylococcus and Stomatococcus are catalase (+ or -)

A

Catalase +

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5
Q

Catalase -

A

Streptococcus

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6
Q

In 1996: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, what are the 4 genera of family micrococcaceae

A

Micrococcus, Planococcus, Staphylococcus, Stomatoccus

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7
Q

2 Families (Recent ed)

A

Family Staphylococcaceae and Micrococcaceae

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8
Q

Major human pathogen

A

Staphylococcus (1-2um colony)

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9
Q

Difference between staphylococcus and macrococcus

A

Macrococcus - larger type of colony (1-2.5um) and non pathogenic

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10
Q

Stomatococcus mucilaginosus - old and new genus and name

A

From stomatococcus, reclassified under Rothia > Rothia mucilaginosus

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11
Q

Emerging pathogen in immunosuprressed patients - R. mucilaginosus. Isolated in blood cultures in patients with _____

A

Endocarditis and septiciemia

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12
Q

Micrococcus vs Staphylococcus

- Obligate aerobe

A

Micrococcus

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13
Q

Micrococcus vs Staphylococcus

- Lysostaphin and Furazolidone susceptible

A

Staphylococcus

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14
Q

Micrococcus vs Staphylococcus

- Bacitracin susceptible

A

Micrococcus

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15
Q

Micrococcus vs Staphylococcus

- Fermentative (Carbohydrate utilization medium)

A

Staphylococcus

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16
Q

Micrococcus vs Staphylococcus

- Modified oxidase test negative

A

Staphylococcus

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17
Q

Micrococcus and Staphylococcus similarities:

A
  • Inhabitants of the skin
  • Similar colony appearance
  • Gram positive cocci
  • Catalase positive
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18
Q

Staphylococcus bacteria are nonmotile and spore forming (T or F)

A

False (no flagella and non-spore forming

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19
Q

Clinically significant staphylococcus

A

S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus

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20
Q

Virulence of strain by S. aureus

A

Surface structures and Enzymes or toxins

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21
Q

Protein A

A

Attach to a portion reserved for host or immune cells, interferes with complement fixation and opsonization, and phagocytosis

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22
Q

Mediates adhesion by binding to tissue fibronectin

A

Teichoic acid

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23
Q

3 surface structures of S. aureus

A

Protein A, Capsular polysachharide, Peptidoglycan and Teichoic acid

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24
Q

Catalase

A

Enzyme inactivates hydrogen peroxide (usually in Neutrophils)

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25
Q

2 types of coagulase (by S. aureus) and differentiate:

A
  • Bound and Free Coagulase
  • BC: bound to bacterial cell wall and reacts directly with fibrinogen
    FC: inactivate CRP > form fibrin clot
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26
Q

Hydrolyzes lipids and plasma

A

Lipase

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27
Q

Hydrolyzing hyaluronic acid in connective tissue

A

Hyaluronidase

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28
Q

Hydrolyzes and inactivate penicillin thru breaking down B lactam ring and penicillin molecule

A

Beta lactamase (Specifically penicillinase)

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29
Q

Responsible for SSSS

A

Exfoliatin - hydrolyze tissue thru cleaving stratum granulosum

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30
Q

Lyse erythrocyte

A

Hemolysin

31
Q

7 heat stable proteins

A

ABCDEHI

32
Q

2 enterotoxin responsible in food poisoning

A

Enterotoxin A and B

33
Q

Trigger the immune system to release a large

amount of cytokines in the system which causes havoc

A

Superantigens (enterotoxins and TSST-10

34
Q

Types of staph diseases;

A
  • Local Abscesses
  • Focal Suppuration
  • Diseases caused by toxin elaboration
35
Q

Inflammation of hair follicles

A

Folliculitis

36
Q

Collection of boils that develop under the skin

A

Carbuncles

37
Q

Painful infection that forms around a hair follicle and is characterized by a presence of pus

A

Furuncles

38
Q

Can bee seen in patients with diabetes mellitus
or atherosclerosis as a result of trauma or
injury to the infected site

A

Osteomyelitis

39
Q

Impetigo/Pyoderma

A

Develops into fluid-filled lesions which eventually burst creating lesions that appear to be constantly weeping
- common in infants and newborns

40
Q

Most significant CoNS:

A
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis

- Staphylococcus saprophyticus

41
Q

T or F

S. epidermidis - resistant to novobiocin and DNase negative

A

False

42
Q

T or F

S. saprophyticus resistant to novobiocin

A

True

43
Q

S. saprophyticus virulence factor

A

Ability to adhere to epithelial cells of the urinary tract

44
Q

MRSA - used oxacillin, cloxacillin for detection and diagnosis

A

True

45
Q

Enumerate specimens for processing+

A

Wound, blood, sputum, urine

46
Q

T or F

  • Do direct gram stain from specimen
  • Gram (+) cocci & neutrophils are noted
A

True

47
Q

Enumerate culture medium for Staphylococcus+

A

Sheeps’ BAP, CNA, MSA, Chromogenic Agar

48
Q

SBPA pigment color

A

White to golden yellow

49
Q

Contents of CNA and its purpose

A

Colistin - disrupt cell membrane of gram neg

Nalidixic Acid - Blocks DNA replication and membrane integrity of gram negative bacteria

50
Q

Contents of MSA

A

Mannitol and Phenol red

51
Q

Color of SAU in MSA

A

Yellow

52
Q

Color of S. epidermidis in MSA

A

Pink - no acid change since mannitol is not fermented

53
Q

Chromogenic Agar - colors of bacteria

A

SAU - deep pink to fuschia colonies
S. epi - partially or completely inhibited
S. saph - turqoise colonies

54
Q

Yellow pigment for the color of SAU macroscopic colonies

A

Staphyloxanthin - carotenoid pigmen gold in color

55
Q

Differentiate Staph from Strep, identify its positive outcome

A

Catalase test, Effervescence or bubbling - Staphylococcus

56
Q

I. Coagulase test - differentiates sau from cons
II. Add plasma to test the present of coagulase
T or F

A

T

57
Q
  1. Two types of coagulase test

2. Differentiate - what its detecting, and the result

A
  1. Slide and Tube Coagulase test
  2. Slide - cell bound coagulase, formation of clot
    Tube - free coagulase, formation of gel
58
Q

Latex agglutination - latex particle is coated with _____ and reacts with ______ of SAU

A

Coated with human plasma fibrinogen and igG, clumping factor and protein A of SAU
EXAMPLE: Staphyloslide Latex Test

59
Q

Reagent used in Modified Oxidase Test

A

6% tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride in dimethyl sulfoxide

60
Q

I. In Modified Oxidase test, it will differentiate Staphylococcus and Streptococcus
II. In MO, positive - micrococcus (cytochrome c) with no change in color, negative - staphylococcus with purple color

MOTF

A

BOTH F

61
Q

Bacitracin Susceptibility Test

  • Differentiates what groups of bacteria
  • Interpretation of results:
A

Differentiate Micrococcus & Rothia from Staphylococcus

Zones > 10 mm = Susceptible; Micrococcus & Rothia

Zones < 10 mm or no zone of inhibition =
Resistant; Staphylococcus

62
Q

Differentiate S. saprophyticus from other CoNS

A

Novobiocin Susceptibility Test
POSITIVE RESULT - zone is lesser than or equal to 16mm
Meaning - S. saprophyticus is present

63
Q

Two DNAse test and its results

A

Methyl Green - colorless

Toluidine Blue O - bright pink color

64
Q

Detection of thermostable nuclease

A

Toluidine Blue O

65
Q

Test for Detection of Antibiotic-Resistant SAU

A

Cefoxitin Disk Screen Test, Latex Agglutination for PBP2a, MH Agar with NaCl & 6 ug/mL of Oxacillin, Chromogenic Agar, etection of mecA gene or its Product PBP2a

66
Q

Positive and negative result of Cefoxitin Disk Screen Test

A

+MRSA - no zone

MSSA - has zone

67
Q

Positive and negative result of Latex Agglutination for PBP2a

A

+MRSA - agglutination within 3 mins

MSSA - no agglutination within 3 mins

68
Q

Positive and negative result of MH Agar with NaCl & 6 ug/mL of Oxacillin

A

+MRSA - growth of more than one colony

Non-MRSA - no growth or only one colony growing

69
Q

Chromogenic Agar results in detection of MRSA

A

MRSA grow and produce mauve-colored colonies

Turquoise-colored colonies are non-MRSA or MSSA

70
Q

40% of CoNS are resistant to beta-lactamase resistant

T or F

A

True

71
Q

Treatment for acne

A

Tetracyclines

72
Q

Usually given for treating MRSA

A

Vancomycin

73
Q

S. saprophyticus can be adequately treatetd with antibiotics. What are the usual antibiotic of choice used?

A

Nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

BACTERIOLOGY LECTURE (4 decks)

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