Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

pharmacognosy lec > Midterms > Flashcards

Midterms Flashcards

1
Q

Yellow pigments

A

Rutin and quercetin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Flavonoid found in yellow flower pigment

A

“chalcones”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Rutin and and Hesperidin

A

Vit. P or Permeability factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Use: tx for capillary bleeding secondary to capillary fragility

A

Rutin and and Hesperidin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hesperidin, hesperetin, diosmin

A

Vitamin P factor or permeability factor
• Tx for capillary bleeding & increased capillary fragility, for HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

• Rind of unripe citrus fruits
• Necessary for the retention of Vit C
• Tx for symptoms of common colds

A

Hesperitin, Diosmin, Naringen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Test for Flavonoid Glycosides

A

Shinoda Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Powdered extract mixed with a few ml of 95% ethanol,
few drops of conc. HCl and 0.5 g magnesium turnings.

The pink colour was observed.
It indicates the presence of flavonoids. I

A

Shinoda Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Test for Alcohol Glycosides:

A
  1. Fehlings’s test – brick red ppt
  2. Nessler’s test – gray ppt
  3. Tollen’s test – silver mirror ppt
  4. Schiff’s test – recolorization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

V. fragrans

A

Mexican vanilla
• Best grade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

V. plantifolia

A

Bourbon vanilla
• Blacker in color, covered with vanillin crystals and
possesses coumarin like odor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

V. tahitensis

A

Tahiti vanilla
• Reddish brown in color, odor unpleasant
– unpleasant for flavoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

• Drug that has an aldehydic aglycone as its chief
constituent
• Cured, fully grown fruit
• Const: glucovanillin, glucovanilic alcohol
• Uses: flavoring agent, for perfumery
• Pods – confectionery & perfumery

A

Vanilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Flavonoid Glycosides

A

1- Rue (Ruta graveolens)
2- Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)
3- Gingko (Gingko biloba)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

PHENOL GLYCOSIDES

A

1- Poison Ivy (Rhus radicans) & Poison Oak (Rhus toxicodendron)
2- Poplar buds (Papulus candicans)
3- Black hawk bark (Viburnum prunifolium)
4- Uva ursi (Arctostaphylos uva ursi)
5- Vanilla (Mexican, bourbon, Tahiti)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lactone Glycosides/Coumarin Glycosides

A

1- Melilot (Melilotus officinalis)
2- Cantharides (Cantharis vesicatoria)
3- Santonica – levant (Artemisa cina)
4- Bishop’s weed (Ammi majus)
5- Gentian (Gentiana lutea)
6- Quassia (Picrasma excelsa)
7- Cocculus (Anamirta cocculus)
8- Red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus)
9- Hematoxylon (Hematoxylo n campechianum)
10- Croccus (Crocus sativus)
11- Beet root (Beta vulgaris)
12- Paprika (Capsicum annum)
13- Carrots (Daucus carota)
14- Anata (Bixa orellana)
15- Cudbear (Lecanora acharius)
16- Litmus (Lecanora tartarea)
17- Arnica (Arnica montana)
18- Calamus (Acorus calamus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lactone Glycosides

A

Coumarin Glycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

FDA banned the use of coumarin and coumarin
containing materials as flavoring agent

A

Lactone Glycosides/Coumarin Glycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

• Drug related to coumarin
• From improperly cured leaves and flowering tops of
Melilotus officinales
• is used as an anticoagulant
• D/I: Should not be taken with by person taking Vit. K

A

Dicumarol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

test for Dicumarol

A

Prothrombin time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Other hydroxylated coumarin derivatives occurring in plants:

A

• Skimmin – Japanese star anise (Illicium anisatum) – toxic
• anticoagulant
• Aesculin – Horse chesnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum)
• Fraxin – Fraximus spp
• Scopolin – Atropine belladonna
• Limetin – Citrus spp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Kedde’s Test

A

for unsaturated lactone; blue violet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

CARBOHYDRATES

A

❑Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
❑Monosaccharides as their building blocks.
❑Oligosaccharides
❑Polysaccharides

24
Q

MONOSACCHARIDES

A

GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE
GALACTOSE
RIBOSE
XYLOSE

25
Q

DISACCHARIDES

A

SUCROSE
LACTOSE
MALTOSE

26
Q

POLYSACCHARIDE

A

❑ HOMOGLYCANS/ HOMOPOLYSACCHARIDES
❑ HETEROGLYCANS/HETEROPOLYSACCHARIDES

27
Q

HOMOGLYCANS/ HOMOPOLYSACCHARIDES

A

STARCH
CELLULOSE
GLYCOGEN
INULIN

28
Q

HETEROGLYCANS/HETEROPOLYSACCHARIDES

A

GUMS AND MUCILAGE

29
Q

TEST’S FOR CARBOHYDRATES

A

MOLISCH’S TEST
FEHLING’S TEST
BENEDICT’S TEST
BARFOED’S TEST
TOLLEN’S TEST
PICRIC ACID TEST
NYLANDER’S TEST
OSAZONE/KOWARSKY TEST
SELIWANOFF’S TEST
KELLER-KILLIANI TEST
MOORE’S TEST
MUCIC ACID TEST
BIAL’S TEST

30
Q

MOLISCH’S TEST

A

GENERAL TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES
α-napthol
Purple / Red

31
Q

FEHLING’S TEST

A

REDUCING SUGARS
A. CuSO4
B. K Na Tartrate
Brick red ppt

32
Q

BENEDICT’S TEST

A

REDUCING SUGARS
NaOH + CuSO4
Brick red ppt

33
Q

BARFOED’S TEST

A

REDUCING SUGARS (MONOSACCHARIDES)
Cupric Acetate + Acetic Acid
Brick red ppt

34
Q

TOLLEN’S TEST

A

REDUCING SUGARS (ALDEHYDES)
Silver + Ammonia
Silver Mirror

35
Q

PICRIC ACID TEST

A

REDUCING SUGARS
Picric Acid
Mahogany Red

36
Q

NYLANDER’S TEST

A

REDUCING SUGARS
Na K Tartrate + K/NaOH + Bi
Brown

37
Q

OSAZONE/KOWARSKY TEST

A

MANNOSE
Phenylhydrazine
Yellow ppt (ozone)

38
Q

SELIWANOFF’S TEST

A

KETOHEXOSE (FRUCTOSE)
Resorcinol
Red

39
Q

KELLER-KILLIANI TEST

A

DEOXYSUGARS (CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES)
Acetic acid, Fe Chloride, Sulfuric Acid
Reddish Brown

40
Q

MOORE’S TEST

A

REDUCING SUGARS (GLUCOSE)
Heat with Alkali
Caramel

41
Q

MUCIC ACID TEST

A

GALACTOSE
Nitric Acid
Insoluble ppt

42
Q

BIAL’S TEST

A

PENTOSES
Resorcinol + Fe
Blue Green

43
Q

Tragacanth

A

Astragalus gummifer

44
Q

Acacia

A

Acacia Senegal

45
Q

Ghatti gum

A

Anogeiesus latifolia

46
Q

Karaya Gum (3)

A

Sterculia urens
S. villosa
S. tragacantha

47
Q

Algin (5)

A

Macrocystis pyrifera
Laminaria spp.
Ascophyllum spp.
Ecklonia spp.
Nereocystis spp.

48
Q

Dextran

A

Leuconostoc mesenteroides

49
Q

.Agar

A

Gellidium cartilagineum
Gracillaria confervoides

50
Q

Carrageenan

A

Chondrus crispus
Gigartina mamillosa

51
Q

Danish Agar

A

Furcellaria fastigiata

52
Q

Plantago

A

Plantago psyllium
Psyllium indica
Plantago ovata

53
Q

Guar gum

A

Cyamopsis tetragonolubus

54
Q

Locust beam gum

A

Ceratonia siliqua

55
Q

Xanthan gum

A

Xanthomonas campestris

pharmacognosy lec (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions