Midterms Flashcards
- are solid dosage forms in which medicinal agents and/or inert substances are enclosed in a small shell of gelatin.
- The shells may be composed of two pieces, a body and a cap, or they may be composed of a single piece.
Capsules
are commonly referred to as hard-shell capsules
Two piece capsules
often referred to as soft-shell capsules.
one-piece capsules
Derived from acid treated precursor that exhibits an iso electric point at pH9. It is manufactured mainly from pork skin
Type A
Derived from alkali treated precursor that exhibits an iso electric
point at pH4.7. It is manufactured mainly from bovine sources
Type B
-The empty capsule shells are made of _________________
- As such, they can be clear, colorless, and essentially
tasteless.
gelatin, sugar, and water.
Hard Gelatin Capsules may be colored with various ____________________ and made opaque by adding agents such as titanium dioxide.
FD&C and D&C dyes
is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from
the skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals.
▪ In commerce, it is available in the form of a fine powder, a coarse
powder, flakes, or sheets.
▪ is stable in air when dry but is subject to microbial decomposition when it becomes moist.
Gelatin
Normally, hard gelatin capsules contain ______________ of moisture.
13% to 16%
Desiccant material used:
dried silica gel, clay, activated charcoal
Because moisture may be absorbed by gelatin capsules and may affect hygroscopic agents within, many capsules are packaged along with a ___________________ to protect against the
absorption of atmospheric moisture.
small packet or cylinder of a desiccant material
Gelatin, being a protein, is digested by ______________________ and absorbed.
proteolytic enzymes
is used as the lubricant in making capsule
magnesium stearate
surface-active agent, such as ___________________, is used to facilitate
wetting by the gastrointestinal fluids to overcome the problem
sodium lauryl sulfate
smallest capsule (No. 5) may be expected to hold _____ of powder or
more, depending on the characteristics of the powder.
65 mg
▪ __________________ are made of gelatin to which glycerin or
sorbitol has been added.
▪ contains more moisture than hard
capsules, may have a preservative, such as methylparaben and/or propylparaben, to retard microbial growth.
▪ may be oblong, oval, or round.
Soft gelatin capsules
Rotary Die Process
▪ ________________ developed this method on 1933
▪ Liquid gelatin flowing from an overhead tank is formed into two continuous ribbons by the rotary die machine and brought together between twin rotating dies.
Robert P. Scheret
▪ Similar to the rotary process
▪ Ribbons of gelatin are formed and used to encapsulate the fill but it differs
during the encapsulating process
▪ The gelatin ribbons are fed between a set of vertical dies that continually
open and close to form rows of pockets in the gelatin ribbons.
▪ These pockets are filled with the medication and are sealed, shaped, and
cut out of the film as they progress through the machinery
▪ As the capsules are cut from the ribbon, they fall into refrigerated tanks to
prevent capsules from adhering to one another
Reciprocating die process
