Midterms

Question 1

• are solid dosage forms in which medicinal agents and/or inert substances are enclosed in a small shell of gelatin.
• The shells may be composed of two pieces, a body and a cap, or they may be composed of a single piece.

Answer 1

Capsules

Question 2

are commonly referred to as hard-shell capsules

Answer 2

Two piece capsules

Question 3

often referred to as soft-shell capsules.

Answer 3

one-piece capsules

Question 4

Derived from acid treated precursor that exhibits an iso electric point at pH9. It is manufactured mainly from pork skin

Answer 4

Type A

Question 5

Derived from alkali treated precursor that exhibits an iso electric
point at pH4.7. It is manufactured mainly from bovine sources

Answer 5

Type B

Question 6

-The empty capsule shells are made of _________________

• As such, they can be clear, colorless, and essentially
  tasteless.

Answer 6

gelatin, sugar, and water.

Question 7

Hard Gelatin Capsules may be colored with various ____________________ and made opaque by adding agents such as titanium dioxide.

Answer 7

FD&C and D&C dyes

Question 8

is obtained by the partial hydrolysis of collagen obtained from
the skin, white connective tissue, and bones of animals.
▪ In commerce, it is available in the form of a fine powder, a coarse
powder, flakes, or sheets.
▪ is stable in air when dry but is subject to microbial decomposition when it becomes moist.

Answer 8

Gelatin

Question 9

Normally, hard gelatin capsules contain ______________ of moisture.

Answer 9

13% to 16%

Question 10

Desiccant material used:

Answer 10

dried silica gel, clay, activated charcoal

Question 11

Because moisture may be absorbed by gelatin capsules and may affect hygroscopic agents within, many capsules are packaged along with a ___________________ to protect against the
absorption of atmospheric moisture.

Answer 11

small packet or cylinder of a desiccant material

Question 12

Gelatin, being a protein, is digested by ______________________ and absorbed.

Answer 12

proteolytic enzymes

Question 13

is used as the lubricant in making capsule

Answer 13

magnesium stearate

Question 14

surface-active agent, such as ___________________, is used to facilitate
wetting by the gastrointestinal fluids to overcome the problem

Answer 14

sodium lauryl sulfate

Question 15

smallest capsule (No. 5) may be expected to hold _____ of powder or
more, depending on the characteristics of the powder.

Answer 15

65 mg

Question 16

▪ __________________ are made of gelatin to which glycerin or
sorbitol has been added.
▪ contains more moisture than hard
capsules, may have a preservative, such as methylparaben and/or propylparaben, to retard microbial growth.
▪ may be oblong, oval, or round.

Answer 16

Soft gelatin capsules

Question 17

Rotary Die Process
▪ ________________ developed this method on 1933
▪ Liquid gelatin flowing from an overhead tank is formed into two continuous ribbons by the rotary die machine and brought together between twin rotating dies.

Answer 17

Robert P. Scheret

Question 18

▪ Similar to the rotary process
▪ Ribbons of gelatin are formed and used to encapsulate the fill but it differs
during the encapsulating process
▪ The gelatin ribbons are fed between a set of vertical dies that continually
open and close to form rows of pockets in the gelatin ribbons.
▪ These pockets are filled with the medication and are sealed, shaped, and
cut out of the film as they progress through the machinery
▪ As the capsules are cut from the ribbon, they fall into refrigerated tanks to
prevent capsules from adhering to one another

Answer 18

Reciprocating die process