MIDTERM VOCAB-Forces Of Evolution

Question 1

Natural Selection

Answer 1

An evolutionary process that occurs when certain phenotypes confer an advantage or disadvantage in survival and/or reproductive success. This is one of the forces of evolution.
-Charles Darwin

Question 2

Mutation

Answer 2

-Mutation is the original source of all the genetic variation found in every living thing.
-A change in the nucleotide sequence of the genetic code. This is one of the FORCES OF EVOLUTION

Question 3

Micro&marco evolution

Answer 3

MICRO-Changes in allele frequencies within breeding populations—that is, within a single species.
MACRO-Changes that result in the emergence of new species, the similarities and differences between species, and their phylogenetic relationships with other taxa.

Question 4

Viable offspring

Answer 4

-Offspring that are healthy enough to survive to adulthood.

Question 5

Gene Pool

Answer 5

-populations
-The entire collection of genetic material in a breeding community that can be passed on from one generation to the next.

Question 6

Evolution

Answer 6

-A change in Allele Frequencies in a population over time.

Question 7

Inbreeding

Answer 7

-The selection of mates exclusively from within a small, closed population
-This can be observed in small, physically isolated populations but also can happen when cultural practices limit mates to a small group.

Question 8

Species

Answer 8

-Organisms whose individuals are capable of breeding because they are biologically and behaviorally compatible to produce viable and fertile offspring.

Question 9

Genetic Drift

Answer 9

-Random changes in allele frequencies within a population from one generation to the next. This is one of the FORCES OF EVOLUTION

Question 10

Fertile Offspring

Answer 10

-Offspring that can reproduce successfully to have offspring of their own
EX; Mule is viable but not fertile.

Question 11

Modern Synthesis

Answer 11

-The integration of Darwin’s, Mendel’s, and subsequent research into a unified theory of evolution.
-multiple lines of evidence to integrate mendelian genetics and Natural selection within evolutionary theory

Question 12

Allele frequency

Answer 12

• The ratio, or percentage, of one allele compared to the other alleles for that gene within the study population

Question 13

Founder Affect

Answer 13

-A type of genetic drift that occurs when members of a population leave the main or “parent” group and form a new population that no longer interbreeds with the other members of the original group.
-example amish

Question 14

Gene Flow

Answer 14

-The movement of alleles from one population to another. This is one of the FORCES OF EVOLUTION

Question 15

Population Bottleneck

Answer 15

-A type of genetic drift that occurs when the number of individuals in a population drops dramatically due to some random event.
EX: Natural Disasters; Tsunamis, Fires