(MIDTERM) Units 1-4 all questions Flashcards
1
Q
What is an abolitionist
A
someone who wanted to rid of slavery
2
Q
What is cavalry
A
soldiers fighting on horseback
3
Q
The president of the Confederacy is
A
Jefferson Davis
4
Q
The Battle of Gettysburg was the second time the CSA invaded the North (the Union). The first time was the
A
Battle of Antietam
5
Q
Before the Battle of Gettysburg, the ______________ were winning most of the Civil War Battles in the West.
A
North/Union
6
Q
Before the Battle of Gettysburg, the _______________ were winning most of the Civil War Battles in the East.
A
South/Confederates
7
Q
Which Confederate commander suffered a serious wound (accidentally by one of his own men) at the Battle of Chancellorsville? He died before Gettysburg
A
Stonewall Jackson
8
Q
Who was the commander of the Union during the B of G
A
George G Meade
9
Q
Who did Meade replace
A
Joseph Hooker
10
Q
Why did Meade replace Hooker?
A
Hooker lost the battle of Chancellorsville badly
11
Q
Why was the battle fought at Gettysburg
A
Because it was a small town with lots of roads and paths leading to it. There was also a lot of high ground.
12
Q
How many days did the battle of Gettysburg last
A
3
13
Q
What were the dates of the Battle of Gettysburg?
A
july 1st - july 3rd
14
Q
the estimated number of soldiers involved in the battle of Gettysburg
A
90,000 Union vs. 70,000 Confederate
15
Q
Which side won day one of the battle of Gettysburg?
A
confederates (south)
16
Q
Winner of the entire battle of Gettysburg?
A
Union (North)
17
Q
Why was Lee angry with General Ewell after day one of the battle
A
because he didn’t take little round top, big round top, or cemetery ridge, which was the high ground.
18
Q
Which one of Lee’s men went missing for the first 2 days of the battle
A
Jeb Stuart
19
Q
Why was Jeb Stuart going missing so important?
A
his cavalry was the eyes and ears for robert e lee
20
Q
the 3 big mistakes of the Confederacy during Gettysburg
A
Lee ordering the charge on Day 3 in the center of the Union line, General Ewell not taking the high ground just South of Gettysburg, J.E.B. Stuart not reporting to Lee on the Union position for most of the battle
21
Q
By day 2 of Gettysburg, the Union occupied?
A
Cemetery Ridge
22
Q
By day 2 of Gettysburg, the Confederacy occupied?
A
Seminary Ridge
23
Q
The week of July 4th, 1863 was a major turning point in the Civil War in favor of the North, The North won the Battles of?
A
Gettysburg and Vicksburg
24
Q
Union General Dan Sickles made a mistake during Day 2. What was it?
A
he moved his men out of line too far and allowed the confederates a pathway into the union line.
25
Joshua L. Chamberlain was heroic on Day 2. What did he do to save Little Round Top?
He held a famous bayonet charge that secured Little Round Top as a Union position.
26
Who was the only Gettysburg resident/citizen killed during the battle?
Jennie Wade
27
How did Jennie Wade die?
a mini ball pierced through her shoulder to her heart
28
George Pickett will forever be remembered for what happened on Day 3 at Gettysburg?
Picketts Charge
29
How many casualties were there at Gettysburg?
51,000
30
Gettysburg is known as the ________ battle in American History
bloodiest
31
The Civil War continued for how many months after the battle of Gettysburg?
21 months/2 years
32
Who did Lee blame for the loss at Gettysburg
himself
33
How long after the Battle did Lincoln give the Gettysburg Address?
4 months
34
What was the occasion for the Gettysburg Address?
dedication of the gettysburg cemetery
35
How long was Lincoln’s speech at Gettysburg
2 minutes
36
Four score and seven years
87 years
37
When was Reconstruction (the years?)
1865-1877
38
Who was Andrew Johnson?
Lincoln's running mate in 1864
39
Why did Lincoln choose Andrew Johnson as his running mate in 1864 ?
Symbolic act of unity (first time in history candidate chose a member from the opposite political party as their running mate)
40
What’s the difference between Presidential Reconstruction (1865-when?) and Congressional Reconstruction (1867-when?)
Congressional reconstruction (1867-1877) congress was in charge and presidential reconstruction (1865-1867) the president (johnson) was in charge
41
Which group led Congressional Reconstruction
Radical Republicans
42
What was controversial about Alexander Stephens? Who was he? and what happened to him after the Civil War
Vice president of CSA and elected into congress after civil war
43
Freedman’s Bureau
It divided some former Confederate land among freed slaves, it lasted only until 1872, Often set up schools for former slaves Included many Northerners as workers
44
“black codes”
restricted black people's right to own property, conduct businesses, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces.
45
Ku Klux Klan
President Grant “crushed” the Klan. Violent secret society that tried to maintain white supremacy and white political power. They wore black masks and killed African Americans.
46
13th Amendment
abolished slavery in the U.S.
47
14th Amendment
Granted citizenship to all people born in America (including African Americans)
48
15th Amendment
The right to vote cannot be denied based on color or race
49
Radical Republicans
more extreme than other Republicans. Fought to destroy slavery as a whole.
50
scalawags
southerners that collaborated with the North
51
carpetbaggers
Northerners that took advantage of the chaos in the South to make money
52
Transcontinental Railroad
railroad system that cut travel time from 6 months to 10 days. Government subsidies caused by workers building the track in waved motions so they could get more money, as they were being paid for each mile of track they laid.
53
Thomas Jefferson’s concept of “unalienable rights”
Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness are the 3 listed in the Dec. of Indep. They come from God and not any government
54
What is impeachment? Which house impeaches? And which house removes/convicts
when house of representatives bids to remove high ranking officers (like the president) from office. House of representatives impeaches, senate removes.
55
How many presidents have been impeached? Name them. How many have been removed by the Senate following impeachment
Andrew Johnson in 1868, Bill Clinton in 1998, and Donald Trump in 2019 and 2021. None have been removed by the Senate following impeachment.
56
The Golden Spike was hammered down in?
Utah
57
What does the title, Monopoly-not always a game, imply?
Monopolies can sometimes have negative consequences
58
Mark Twain
creator of the famous masterpiece, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
59
Homer Plessy
White skinned but had african american blood. Started a huge court case that made the “separate but equal” law.
60
John Marshall Harlan
argued for justice that opposed the plessy law, “our justice should be colorblind”
61
Andrew Carnegie
helped build the American steel industry. ( mass produced steel )
62
J.D. Rockefeller
Made oil cheaper and more reliable, biggest philanthropist (gave ½ billion dollars away)
63
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Provided the first railroad service between New York and Chicago. Most associated with transportation.
64
Frederick Law Olmsted
Designed the architecture for central park
65
Frank Lloyd Wright
wisconsin born architect that worked for louis sullivan
66
Washington Roebling
the architect for the brooklyn bridge, carried on building it after his father died during the building.
67
Joseph Pulitzer
Newspaper seller that sent out an article to raise money to build the statue of liberty.
68
Thomas Edison
deaf inventor that created over 1000 inventions with patents, most famously known for the lightbulb.
69
Market economy
prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand of product. Not controlled by the central government. (United States) Also known as free enterprise. (rockefeller's standard oil industry)
70
Command economy
government sets the prices and production schedules. Controls production of goods and services, no supply or demand. (North Korea)
71
Traditional economy
system in which distribution and production of goods and services are determined by customs, traditions, and time honored beliefs (farmers will trade their crops for necessities like eggs and milk) Mostly used around olden time families or a tribe. (africa)
72
Monopoly
single seller that assumes a dominant position in the industry (lemonade example)
73
Texas Longhorn and the Chisholm Trail
Tough breed of cattle brought to the US by Spanish. They were taken North using the Chisholm trail, made by Jesse Chisholm.
74
Tariff
Tax on foreign goods, lead to less competition, made foreign goods more expensive. Good for domestic producers, bad for non-domestic producers
75
Jim Crow laws
Laws passed that made it a crime for races to be together (school, railroad cars, buses, cemeteries)
76
Brooklyn Bridge
It connected Brooklyn and New York, Its was designed by a German immigrant who died during the building, Most art critics though it was artistically beautiful, and It used new technology (suspension technology)
77
Centennial Exposition 1876
Held in Philadelphia (the 100 year birthday of the declaration of independence)
78
Chicago’s population in 1840
4500
79
Chicago’s population in 1870
300,000
80
Chicago’s population in 1890
1,100,000
81
The chicago fire cost how many lives and how many buildings?
300 lives and 17,000 buildings
82
A key ingredient to the rebuilding of Chicago, thanks to Andrew Carnegie
Steel
83
The government didn't rebuild Chicago, ______ rebuilt Chicago
Chicago
84
Could Austin be rebuilt again if a similar event occurred today (opinion based)
yes/no
85
Why is this period (1865-1900) called the “The Second Industrial Revolution”
Because it brought new advancements and helped open up opportunities for immigrants, much like the 1st revolution. The difference between the two is the first improved textile and assembly lines, while the second improved mass production and the rise of the middle class.
86
Name the 3 countries of the Triple Entente
Russia, France, and Britain
87
Name the 3 countries of the Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman empire
88
Why did Great Britain join the Allies in WWI?
Because Germany invaded neutral countries/territory (Belgium)
89
What were the details of the Schlieffen Plan in WWI
Was the German military strategy to Quickly defeat France in the West and then focus on Russia in the East
90
Which member of the Triple Alliance did not become part of the Central Powers once WWI broke out
Italy
91
Although the Allies won the War, what country did not enjoy the benefits because it surrendered to Germany almost a year before Germany was defeated
Russia
92
Russia mobilized for war when what country was invaded
Serbia
93
The spark that started the War occurred when the future leader of what region was assassinated
Austrian
94
What was the nationality of the man who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Serbian
95
On which front did the Germans battle the French
Western Front
96
The following nations created out of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after WWI
Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary.
97
The estimated human costs on the WWI battlefields according to our book
8.5 million dead soldiers, 21 million wounded
98
What treaty between the Allied powers and Germany was signed exactly 5 years after the assassination of Francis Ferdinand
Treaty of Versailles
99
On which front was trench warfare most common
Western Front
100
Two important Allied victories were won at this place (in 1914 and in 1918)
Battle of the Marne
101
What was the event that first turned U.S. public opinion against Germany prior to the U.S. entering WWI
The sinking of the Lusitania (It was holding 1000 passengers and lots of weapons for Great Britain)
102
What was the final straw that brought the U.S. into WWI against Germany? What was the name of the message from Germany to Mexico
The Zimmerman Telegram
103
The 3 reasons why the United States joined the war on the allies’ side
American ships were sunk in the Atlantic, The Zimmermann Note, U.S. had a good trading relationship with Great Britain.
104
WWI was the first truly “industrial war”, and the following new weapons of war were introduced during WWI
Machine gun, Tank, Airplane, Poison gas, New heavy artillery, Submarine.
105
European countries competed to have the biggest and strongest armies and navies
Militarism
106
European countries were divided into 2 major camps (or sides). Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy were on one side, and France, Great Britain, and Russia were on the other side
Alliance System
107
The people living in Europe often gave their greatest loyalty to those who share their history, culture, and language
Nationalism
108
Countries in Europe competed with each other for colonies in places like Africa and Southeast Asia
Imperialism
109
1918-1919 Flu pandemic
George’s Bosses son dies due to the Flu, sending Mr. Gower into depression
110
The “Roaring 20s”
period of great prosperity in the USA. The time where George and Mary dance at the Graduation Party
111
The Great depression of the 1930s
George barely manages to keep his Building-and-Loan business going, and Mr. Potter (Rich guy) takes advantage of this and buys out lots of businesses.
112
World War II (1941-1945) and the Homefront
George can't go to war because of his ear injury (when he saved his brother) Harry (brother) saves hundreds of lives as a fighter pilot
113
“All you can take with you is that which you've given away”
Means that the true value of anything lies in your actions and friendships and how you treat others. Money and success won't go with you when you die.
114
1860s
Transcontinental Railroad is completed. This is the most important development because it cuts travel time from 6 months to 10 days. The railroad also helped deliver native foods and supplies to other parts of the US.
115
1870s
Rockefeller standard oil company. This is the most important development because it made oil cheap enough for average people to buy. It also created one of the first big monopolies, making it hard to compete with since the price was so low.
116
1880s
The Lightbulb. This is the most important development because it allowed people to stay up and do things, even if it was dark outside. It also extended the work day well into the night, making it safe to walk through the cities when it was dark out.
117
1890s
The invention of the Kinetoscope. This is the most important development because it was the first ever motion picture device. It still has an effect on our world today, and by being upgraded through the years we now can project films to watch on tvs, movie screens, and lots more.
118
1900s
The first powered airplane. This is the most important development because it changed how we live our life, but also how it affected war in the 1900s. The airplane granted access to see the earth from above, which had a large effect on war and bombing.
119
1910s
Moving assembly line. This is the most important development because it sped the process of mass producing items (specifically cars). The moving assembly line led to the rise of the middle class, making expensive items cheap enough for everyday citizens to buy.
