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Social Studies > (MIDTERM) Units 1-4 all questions > Flashcards

(MIDTERM) Units 1-4 all questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an abolitionist

A

someone who wanted to rid of slavery

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2
Q

What is cavalry

A

soldiers fighting on horseback

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3
Q

The president of the Confederacy is

A

Jefferson Davis

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4
Q

The Battle of Gettysburg was the second time the CSA invaded the North (the Union). The first time was the

A

Battle of Antietam

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5
Q

Before the Battle of Gettysburg, the ______________ were winning most of the Civil War Battles in the West.

A

North/Union

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6
Q

Before the Battle of Gettysburg, the _______________ were winning most of the Civil War Battles in the East.

A

South/Confederates

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7
Q

Which Confederate commander suffered a serious wound (accidentally by one of his own men) at the Battle of Chancellorsville? He died before Gettysburg

A

Stonewall Jackson

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8
Q

Who was the commander of the Union during the B of G

A

George G Meade

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9
Q

Who did Meade replace

A

Joseph Hooker

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10
Q

Why did Meade replace Hooker?

A

Hooker lost the battle of Chancellorsville badly

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11
Q

Why was the battle fought at Gettysburg

A

Because it was a small town with lots of roads and paths leading to it. There was also a lot of high ground.

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12
Q

How many days did the battle of Gettysburg last

A

3

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13
Q

What were the dates of the Battle of Gettysburg?

A

july 1st - july 3rd

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14
Q

the estimated number of soldiers involved in the battle of Gettysburg

A

90,000 Union vs. 70,000 Confederate

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15
Q

Which side won day one of the battle of Gettysburg?

A

confederates (south)

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16
Q

Winner of the entire battle of Gettysburg?

A

Union (North)

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17
Q

Why was Lee angry with General Ewell after day one of the battle

A

because he didn’t take little round top, big round top, or cemetery ridge, which was the high ground.

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18
Q

Which one of Lee’s men went missing for the first 2 days of the battle

A

Jeb Stuart

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19
Q

Why was Jeb Stuart going missing so important?

A

his cavalry was the eyes and ears for robert e lee

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20
Q

the 3 big mistakes of the Confederacy during Gettysburg

A

Lee ordering the charge on Day 3 in the center of the Union line, General Ewell not taking the high ground just South of Gettysburg, J.E.B. Stuart not reporting to Lee on the Union position for most of the battle

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21
Q

By day 2 of Gettysburg, the Union occupied?

A

Cemetery Ridge

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22
Q

By day 2 of Gettysburg, the Confederacy occupied?

A

Seminary Ridge

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23
Q

The week of July 4th, 1863 was a major turning point in the Civil War in favor of the North, The North won the Battles of?

A

Gettysburg and Vicksburg

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24
Q

Union General Dan Sickles made a mistake during Day 2. What was it?

A

he moved his men out of line too far and allowed the confederates a pathway into the union line.

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25
Q

Joshua L. Chamberlain was heroic on Day 2. What did he do to save Little Round Top?

A

He held a famous bayonet charge that secured Little Round Top as a Union position.

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26
Q

Who was the only Gettysburg resident/citizen killed during the battle?

A

Jennie Wade

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27
Q

How did Jennie Wade die?

A

a mini ball pierced through her shoulder to her heart

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28
Q

George Pickett will forever be remembered for what happened on Day 3 at Gettysburg?

A

Picketts Charge

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29
Q

How many casualties were there at Gettysburg?

A

51,000

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30
Q

Gettysburg is known as the ________ battle in American History

A

bloodiest

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31
Q

The Civil War continued for how many months after the battle of Gettysburg?

A

21 months/2 years

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32
Q

Who did Lee blame for the loss at Gettysburg

A

himself

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33
Q

How long after the Battle did Lincoln give the Gettysburg Address?

A

4 months

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34
Q

What was the occasion for the Gettysburg Address?

A

dedication of the gettysburg cemetery

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35
Q

How long was Lincoln’s speech at Gettysburg

A

2 minutes

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36
Q

Four score and seven years

A

87 years

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37
Q

When was Reconstruction (the years?)

A

1865-1877

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38
Q

Who was Andrew Johnson?

A

Lincoln’s running mate in 1864

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39
Q

Why did Lincoln choose Andrew Johnson as his running mate in 1864 ?

A

Symbolic act of unity (first time in history candidate chose a member from the opposite political party as their running mate)

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40
Q

What’s the difference between Presidential Reconstruction (1865-when?) and Congressional Reconstruction (1867-when?)

A

Congressional reconstruction (1867-1877) congress was in charge and presidential reconstruction (1865-1867) the president (johnson) was in charge

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41
Q

Which group led Congressional Reconstruction

A

Radical Republicans

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42
Q

What was controversial about Alexander Stephens? Who was he? and what happened to him after the Civil War

A

Vice president of CSA and elected into congress after civil war

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43
Q

Freedman’s Bureau

A

It divided some former Confederate land among freed slaves, it lasted only until 1872, Often set up schools for former slaves Included many Northerners as workers

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44
Q

“black codes”

A

restricted black people’s right to own property, conduct businesses, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces.

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45
Q

Ku Klux Klan

A

President Grant “crushed” the Klan. Violent secret society that tried to maintain white supremacy and white political power. They wore black masks and killed African Americans.

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46
Q

13th Amendment

A

abolished slavery in the U.S.

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47
Q

14th Amendment

A

Granted citizenship to all people born in America (including African Americans)

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48
Q

15th Amendment

A

The right to vote cannot be denied based on color or race

49
Q

Radical Republicans

A

more extreme than other Republicans. Fought to destroy slavery as a whole.

50
Q

scalawags

A

southerners that collaborated with the North

51
Q

carpetbaggers

A

Northerners that took advantage of the chaos in the South to make money

52
Q

Transcontinental Railroad

A

railroad system that cut travel time from 6 months to 10 days. Government subsidies caused by workers building the track in waved motions so they could get more money, as they were being paid for each mile of track they laid.

53
Q

Thomas Jefferson’s concept of “unalienable rights”

A

Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness are the 3 listed in the Dec. of Indep. They come from God and not any government

54
Q

What is impeachment? Which house impeaches? And which house removes/convicts

A

when house of representatives bids to remove high ranking officers (like the president) from office. House of representatives impeaches, senate removes.

55
Q

How many presidents have been impeached? Name them. How many have been removed by the Senate following impeachment

A

Andrew Johnson in 1868, Bill Clinton in 1998, and Donald Trump in 2019 and 2021. None have been removed by the Senate following impeachment.

56
Q

The Golden Spike was hammered down in?

A

Utah

57
Q

What does the title, Monopoly-not always a game, imply?

A

Monopolies can sometimes have negative consequences

58
Q

Mark Twain

A

creator of the famous masterpiece, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

59
Q

Homer Plessy

A

White skinned but had african american blood. Started a huge court case that made the “separate but equal” law.

60
Q

John Marshall Harlan

A

argued for justice that opposed the plessy law, “our justice should be colorblind”

61
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

helped build the American steel industry. ( mass produced steel )

62
Q

J.D. Rockefeller

A

Made oil cheaper and more reliable, biggest philanthropist (gave ½ billion dollars away)

63
Q

Cornelius Vanderbilt

A

Provided the first railroad service between New York and Chicago. Most associated with transportation.

64
Q

Frederick Law Olmsted

A

Designed the architecture for central park

65
Q

Frank Lloyd Wright

A

wisconsin born architect that worked for louis sullivan

66
Q

Washington Roebling

A

the architect for the brooklyn bridge, carried on building it after his father died during the building.

67
Q

Joseph Pulitzer

A

Newspaper seller that sent out an article to raise money to build the statue of liberty.

68
Q

Thomas Edison

A

deaf inventor that created over 1000 inventions with patents, most famously known for the lightbulb.

69
Q

Market economy

A

prices of goods and services are determined by supply and demand of product. Not controlled by the central government. (United States) Also known as free enterprise. (rockefeller’s standard oil industry)

70
Q

Command economy

A

government sets the prices and production schedules. Controls production of goods and services, no supply or demand. (North Korea)

71
Q

Traditional economy

A

system in which distribution and production of goods and services are determined by customs, traditions, and time honored beliefs (farmers will trade their crops for necessities like eggs and milk) Mostly used around olden time families or a tribe. (africa)

72
Q

Monopoly

A

single seller that assumes a dominant position in the industry (lemonade example)

73
Q

Texas Longhorn and the Chisholm Trail

A

Tough breed of cattle brought to the US by Spanish. They were taken North using the Chisholm trail, made by Jesse Chisholm.

74
Q

Tariff

A

Tax on foreign goods, lead to less competition, made foreign goods more expensive. Good for domestic producers, bad for non-domestic producers

75
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

Laws passed that made it a crime for races to be together (school, railroad cars, buses, cemeteries)

76
Q

Brooklyn Bridge

A

It connected Brooklyn and New York, Its was designed by a German immigrant who died during the building, Most art critics though it was artistically beautiful, and It used new technology (suspension technology)

77
Q

Centennial Exposition 1876

A

Held in Philadelphia (the 100 year birthday of the declaration of independence)

78
Q

Chicago’s population in 1840

A

4500

79
Q

Chicago’s population in 1870

A

300,000

80
Q

Chicago’s population in 1890

A

1,100,000

81
Q

The chicago fire cost how many lives and how many buildings?

A

300 lives and 17,000 buildings

82
Q

A key ingredient to the rebuilding of Chicago, thanks to Andrew Carnegie

A

Steel

83
Q

The government didn’t rebuild Chicago, ______ rebuilt Chicago

A

Chicago

84
Q

Could Austin be rebuilt again if a similar event occurred today (opinion based)

A

yes/no

85
Q

Why is this period (1865-1900) called the “The Second Industrial Revolution”

A

Because it brought new advancements and helped open up opportunities for immigrants, much like the 1st revolution. The difference between the two is the first improved textile and assembly lines, while the second improved mass production and the rise of the middle class.

86
Q

Name the 3 countries of the Triple Entente

A

Russia, France, and Britain

87
Q

Name the 3 countries of the Central Powers

A

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman empire

88
Q

Why did Great Britain join the Allies in WWI?

A

Because Germany invaded neutral countries/territory (Belgium)

89
Q

What were the details of the Schlieffen Plan in WWI

A

Was the German military strategy to Quickly defeat France in the West and then focus on Russia in the East

90
Q

Which member of the Triple Alliance did not become part of the Central Powers once WWI broke out

A

Italy

91
Q

Although the Allies won the War, what country did not enjoy the benefits because it surrendered to Germany almost a year before Germany was defeated

A

Russia

92
Q

Russia mobilized for war when what country was invaded

A

Serbia

93
Q

The spark that started the War occurred when the future leader of what region was assassinated

A

Austrian

94
Q

What was the nationality of the man who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand

A

Serbian

95
Q

On which front did the Germans battle the French

A

Western Front

96
Q

The following nations created out of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after WWI

A

Yugoslavia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary.

97
Q

The estimated human costs on the WWI battlefields according to our book

A

8.5 million dead soldiers, 21 million wounded

98
Q

What treaty between the Allied powers and Germany was signed exactly 5 years after the assassination of Francis Ferdinand

A

Treaty of Versailles

99
Q

On which front was trench warfare most common

A

Western Front

100
Q

Two important Allied victories were won at this place (in 1914 and in 1918)

A

Battle of the Marne

101
Q

What was the event that first turned U.S. public opinion against Germany prior to the U.S. entering WWI

A

The sinking of the Lusitania (It was holding 1000 passengers and lots of weapons for Great Britain)

102
Q

What was the final straw that brought the U.S. into WWI against Germany? What was the name of the message from Germany to Mexico

A

The Zimmerman Telegram

103
Q

The 3 reasons why the United States joined the war on the allies’ side

A

American ships were sunk in the Atlantic, The Zimmermann Note, U.S. had a good trading relationship with Great Britain.

104
Q

WWI was the first truly “industrial war”, and the following new weapons of war were introduced during WWI

A

Machine gun, Tank, Airplane, Poison gas, New heavy artillery, Submarine.

105
Q

European countries competed to have the biggest and strongest armies and navies

A

Militarism

106
Q

European countries were divided into 2 major camps (or sides). Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy were on one side, and France, Great Britain, and Russia were on the other side

A

Alliance System

107
Q

The people living in Europe often gave their greatest loyalty to those who share their history, culture, and language

A

Nationalism

108
Q

Countries in Europe competed with each other for colonies in places like Africa and Southeast Asia

A

Imperialism

109
Q

1918-1919 Flu pandemic

A

George’s Bosses son dies due to the Flu, sending Mr. Gower into depression

110
Q

The “Roaring 20s”

A

period of great prosperity in the USA. The time where George and Mary dance at the Graduation Party

111
Q

The Great depression of the 1930s

A

George barely manages to keep his Building-and-Loan business going, and Mr. Potter (Rich guy) takes advantage of this and buys out lots of businesses.

112
Q

World War II (1941-1945) and the Homefront

A

George can’t go to war because of his ear injury (when he saved his brother) Harry (brother) saves hundreds of lives as a fighter pilot

113
Q

“All you can take with you is that which you’ve given away”

A

Means that the true value of anything lies in your actions and friendships and how you treat others. Money and success won’t go with you when you die.

114
Q

1860s

A

Transcontinental Railroad is completed. This is the most important development because it cuts travel time from 6 months to 10 days. The railroad also helped deliver native foods and supplies to other parts of the US.

115
Q

1870s

A

Rockefeller standard oil company. This is the most important development because it made oil cheap enough for average people to buy. It also created one of the first big monopolies, making it hard to compete with since the price was so low.

116
Q

1880s

A

The Lightbulb. This is the most important development because it allowed people to stay up and do things, even if it was dark outside. It also extended the work day well into the night, making it safe to walk through the cities when it was dark out.

117
Q

1890s

A

The invention of the Kinetoscope. This is the most important development because it was the first ever motion picture device. It still has an effect on our world today, and by being upgraded through the years we now can project films to watch on tvs, movie screens, and lots more.

118
Q

1900s

A

The first powered airplane. This is the most important development because it changed how we live our life, but also how it affected war in the 1900s. The airplane granted access to see the earth from above, which had a large effect on war and bombing.

119
Q

1910s

A

Moving assembly line. This is the most important development because it sped the process of mass producing items (specifically cars). The moving assembly line led to the rise of the middle class, making expensive items cheap enough for everyday citizens to buy.

Social Studies (9 decks)

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